CPT 88177 · 965 hospitals reporting

Cytp fna eval ea addl

The same procedure costs $50 at one hospital and $590 at another — a 12× spread for what's billed under the same code. Median: $72.64.

Cheapest published
$50
295 entries below $50 already filtered. Remaining low values usually reflect partial-cost line items (professional fee only), not full bills.
Median across 965 hospitals
$72.64
The realistic middle of the cash-price distribution. Use this as your benchmark.
Most expensive
$590
Highest published price. Often a gross-charge "list price" rarely actually paid.

Price distribution

220 hospitals · log-scale x-axis
Cash price distributionmedian $72.64$100HOSPITALS →

Each bar = number of hospitals charging in that price range. Emerald bar contains the median. Amber dots = entries we flagged as likely partial-cost line items (excluded from the table below).

Why some prices look unrealistically low or high

Hospitals publish their machine-readable files (MRFs) the way they choose. A single procedure code can appear with very different prices depending on what's being charged:

  • Global price — facility + implant + anesthesia + surgeon. This is what you'd actually be billed.
  • Professional fee only — surgeon's portion. Often $500–$2,500 for a major procedure that costs $20K+ globally.
  • Facility fee only — operating room and recovery, no implant or surgeon.
  • Per-unit / per-minute charges — e.g. anesthesia time billed at $0.68/min appearing under a CPT code.
  • Rate multipliers — values like 0.85 meaning "85% of Medicare" rather than dollars.

We filter the most obvious artifacts (under $50, or 25× above the median), but rows in the $500–$2K range for a major procedure are typically professional-only and we can't always tell. Use the median and high-end as the realistic range; treat very low rows as partial-cost line items, not full bills.

500 hospitals reporting
NORTON SCOTT HOSPITAL
IN
Cash
$72.6
Gross
$363
NORTON HOSPITALS, INC
KY
Cash
$72.6
Gross
$363
M HEALTH FAIRVIEW RIDGES HOSPITAL
MN
Cash
$72.68
Gross
$171
LANAI COMMUNITY HOSPITAL
HI
Cash
$73
Gross
$186
KULA HOSPITAL
HI
Cash
$73
Gross
$186
CHAMPLAIN VALLEY PHYSICIANS HOSPITAL MEDICAL CTR
NY
Cash
$72
Gross
$72
UNIONTOWN HOSPITAL
PA
Cash
$74.5
Gross
$149
CHI ST JOSEPH HEALTH REGIONAL HOSPITAL
TX
Cash
$74.55
Gross
$213
TRINITY ROCK ISLAND
IL
Cash
$70
Gross
$87.49
UNITYPOINT HEALTH - MARSHALLTOWN
IA
Cash
$70
Gross
$87.49
TRINITY MUSCATINE
IA
Cash
$70
Gross
$87.49
TRINITY REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
IA
Cash
$70
Gross
$87.49
ST LUKES HOSPITAL
IA
Cash
$70
Gross
$87.49
UNITYPOINT HEALTH - DES MOINES IOWA METHODIST MEDI
IA
Cash
$70
Gross
$87.49
TRINITY - BETTENDORF
IA
Cash
$70
Gross
$87.49
ALLEN HOSPITAL
IA
Cash
$70
Gross
$87.49
FINLEY HOSPITAL
IA
Cash
$70
Gross
$87.49
ST LUKES REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
IA
Cash
$70
Gross
$87.49
GRINNELL REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
IA
Cash
$70
Gross
$87.49
GRUNDY COUNTY MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
IA
Cash
$70
Gross
$87.49
JONES REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
IA
Cash
$70
Gross
$87.49
CHESHIRE MEDICAL CENTER
NH
Cash
$75.35
Gross
$273
CRISP REGIONAL HOSPITAL
GA
Cash
$69.86
Gross
$73.54
MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
TX
Cash
$69.11
Gross
$138
TEXAS HEALTH HUGULEY HOSPITAL FORT WORTH SOUTH
TX
Cash
$69.11
Gross
$138
MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
TX
Cash
$69.11
Gross
$138
MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
TX
Cash
$69.11
Gross
$138
CHI HEALTH MISSOURI VALLEY
IA
Cash
$69.09
Gross
$141
CHI HEALTH MISSOURI VALLEY
IA
Cash
$69.09
Gross
$141
UPHS MARQUETTE DLP HOSPITAL
MI
Cash
$69.07
Gross
$115
TIPPAH COUNTY HOSPITAL
MS
Cash
$69
Gross
$69
FAIRVIEW LAKES HEALTH SERVICES
MN
Cash
$68.58
Gross
$171
M HEALTH FAIRVIEW SOUTHDALE HOSPITAL
MN
Cash
$68.58
Gross
$171
M HEALTH FAIRVIEW UNIVERSITY OF MN MEDICAL CENTER
MN
Cash
$68.58
Gross
$171
FAIRVIEW NORTHLAND REGIONAL HOSPITAL
MN
Cash
$68.58
Gross
$171
M HEALTH FAIRVIEW ST JOHN'S HOSPITAL
MN
Cash
$68.58
Gross
$171
M HEALTH FAIRVIEW WOODWINDS HOSPITAL
MN
Cash
$68.58
Gross
$171
ST JOSEPH'S MEDICAL CENTER OF STOCKTON
CA
Cash
$68.51
Gross
$233
ST JOSEPH'S MEDICAL CENTER OF STOCKTON
CA
Cash
$68.51
Gross
$233
UNION HOSPITAL CLINTON
IN
Cash
$68.4
Gross
$114
MILFORD REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
MA
Cash
$68
Gross
$68
CHI HEALTH - MERCY CORNING
IA
Cash
$67.68
Gross
$141
CHI HEALTH - MERCY CORNING
IA
Cash
$67.68
Gross
$141
CLARKE COUNTY HOSPITAL
IA
Cash
$67.52
Gross
$67.52
NATIONAL PARK MEDICAL CENTER
AR
Cash
$67.2
Gross
$224
CHEYENNE REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
WY
Cash
$79.73
Gross
$114
HUTCHINSON HEALTH
MN
Cash
$65.14
Gross
—
CARILION MEDICAL CENTER
VA
Cash
$80.15
Gross
$229
CARILION NEW RIVER VALLEY MEDICAL CENTER
VA
Cash
$80.15
Gross
$229
CARILION FRANKLIN MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
VA
Cash
$80.15
Gross
$229
CARILION TAZEWELL COMMUNITY HOSPITAL
VA
Cash
$80.15
Gross
$229
CARILION GILES COMMUNITY HOSPITAL
VA
Cash
$80.15
Gross
$229
REYNOLDS MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
WV
Cash
$65
Gross
$130
WALKER BAPTIST MEDICAL CENTER
AL
Cash
$64.8
Gross
$108
CITIZENS BAPTIST MEDICAL CENTER
AL
Cash
$64.8
Gross
$108
JOHN F KENNEDY MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
$64.8
Gross
$108
SIBLEY MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
DC
Cash
$64.8
Gross
$108
ALTON MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
IL
Cash
$64.8
Gross
$108
MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
IL
Cash
$64.8
Gross
$108
ADAMS MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
IN
Cash
$64.8
Gross
$108
MISSOURI BAPTIST MEDICAL CENTER
MO
Cash
$64.8
Gross
$108
BARNES-JEWISH WEST COUNTY HOSPITAL
MO
Cash
$64.8
Gross
$108
CHRISTIAN HOSPITAL NORTHEAST
MO
Cash
$64.8
Gross
$108
BARNES-JEWISH ST PETERS HOSPITAL
MO
Cash
$64.8
Gross
$108
PROGRESS WEST HOSPITAL
MO
Cash
$64.8
Gross
$108
ST LOUIS CHILDRENS HOSPITAL
MO
Cash
$64.8
Gross
$108
CHI HEALTH MERCY COUNCIL BLUFFS
IA
Cash
$64.68
Gross
$154
CHI HEALTH MERCY COUNCIL BLUFFS
IA
Cash
$64.68
Gross
$154
CHI HEALTH BERGAN MERCY
NE
Cash
$64.68
Gross
$154
CHI HEALTH BERGAN MERCY
NE
Cash
$64.68
Gross
$154
CHI HEALTH IMMANUEL
NE
Cash
$64.68
Gross
$154
CHI HEALTH IMMANUEL
NE
Cash
$64.68
Gross
$154
CHI HEALTH MIDLANDS
NE
Cash
$64.68
Gross
$154
CHI HEALTH MIDLANDS
NE
Cash
$64.68
Gross
$154
CHI HEALTH LAKESIDE
NE
Cash
$64.68
Gross
$154
CHI HEALTH LAKESIDE
NE
Cash
$64.68
Gross
$154
ANTELOPE VALLEY HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
$81
Gross
$81
MARGARETVILLE MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
NY
Cash
$64.02
Gross
$97
COMMUNITY HOSPITAL OF SAN BERNARDINO
CA
Cash
$63.74
Gross
$163
COMMUNITY HOSPITAL OF SAN BERNARDINO
CA
Cash
$63.74
Gross
$163
UNIVERSITY OF MD ST JOSEPH MEDICAL CENTER
MD
Cash
$82
Gross
$82
SANFORD MEDICAL CENTER BISMARCK
ND
Cash
$63.2
Gross
$79
BROADLAWNS MEDICAL CENTER
IA
Cash
$83
Gross
$83
MARIAN REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
$62.06
Gross
$145
MARIAN REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
$62.06
Gross
$145
SAMARITAN NORTH LINCOLN HOSPITAL
OR
Cash
$62
Gross
$62
GROSSMONT HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
$61.5
Gross
$82
SHARP CHULA VISTA MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
$61.5
Gross
$82
SOUTH CENTRAL REG MED CTR
MS
Cash
$61.49
Gross
$146
SOUTH CENTRAL HEALTH
ND
Cash
$61.49
Gross
$146
MARY BRIDGE CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL
WA
Cash
$84.4
Gross
$211
MOSAIC LIFE CARE AT ST JOSEPH
MO
Cash
$85
Gross
$100
MOSAIC MEDICAL CENTER - MARYVILLE
MO
Cash
$85
Gross
$100
BAKERSFIELD MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
$85.15
Gross
$232
DEACONESS HOSPITAL INC
IN
Cash
$85.6
Gross
$107
UNITYPOINT HEALTH - MERITER
WI
Cash
$59.08
Gross
$73.85
MARY GREELEY MEDICAL CENTER
IA
Cash
$86.43
Gross
$201
BATON ROUGE GENERAL MEDICAL CENTER
LA
Cash
$58.7
Gross
$83.85
THE GENERAL
LA
Cash
$58.7
Gross
$83.85
FLUSHING HOSPITAL MEDICAL CENTER
NY
Cash
$87
Gross
$87
UCSF HEALTH SAINT FRANCIS HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
$58.1
Gross
$83
JONES REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
IA
Cash
$57.6
Gross
$72
MERCY HOSPITAL OF FOLSOM
CA
Cash
$57.58
Gross
$148
MERCY HOSPITAL OF FOLSOM
CA
Cash
$57.58
Gross
$148
SILVER CROSS HOSPITAL AND MEDICAL CENTERS
IL
Cash
$56.92
Gross
$149
SILVER CROSS HOSPITAL AND MEDICAL CENTERS
IL
Cash
$56.92
Gross
$149
FRENCH HOSPITAL MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
$56.84
Gross
$145
FRENCH HOSPITAL MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
$56.84
Gross
$145
CLOVIS COMMUNITY MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
$88.8
Gross
$111
WILSON MEDICAL CENTER
KS
Cash
$56.4
Gross
$141
WILSON MEDICAL CENTER
NC
Cash
$56.4
Gross
$141
BOZEMAN HEALTH DEACONESS HOSPITAL
MT
Cash
$89.6
Gross
$112
BOZEMAN HEALTH BIG SKY MEDICAL CENTER
MT
Cash
$89.6
Gross
$112
VALLEY PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
$90
Gross
—
NEW YORK-PRESBYTERIAN/QUEENS
NY
Cash
$90
Gross
—
NEW YORK-PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL
NY
Cash
$90
Gross
—
HUDSON VALLEY HOSPITAL CENTER
NY
Cash
$90
Gross
—
THE UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT HEALTH NETWORK-ALICE HY
NY
Cash
$90
Gross
$90
GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV HOSPITAL
DC
Cash
$91.6
Gross
$229
MERCY HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
$53.67
Gross
$134
CENTURA HEALTH-ST ANTHONY HOSPITAL
CO
Cash
$53.67
Gross
$134
SAUK PRAIRIE HOSPITAL
WI
Cash
$53.61
Gross
$98
HAYWOOD REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
NC
Cash
$53.38
Gross
$133
ST BERNARDINE MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
$53.28
Gross
$160
ST BERNARDINE MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
$53.28
Gross
$160
GLENDALE ADVENTIST MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
$53.14
Gross
$163
GLENDALE ADVENTIST MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
$53.14
Gross
$163
HOSPITAL DISTRICT #6 PATTERSON HEALTH CENTER
KS
Cash
$53.14
Gross
$163
HOSPITAL DISTRICT #6 PATTERSON HEALTH CENTER
KS
Cash
$53.14
Gross
$163
WAYNE HOSPITAL
OH
Cash
$92.25
Gross
$123
BALDWIN HEALTH
AL
Cash
$52.52
Gross
$101
PIH HEALTH DOWNEY HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
$52.52
Gross
$101
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - SOUTH BAY
CA
Cash
$52.52
Gross
$101
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - ORANGE COUNTY - ANAHEIM
CA
Cash
$52.52
Gross
$101
LOS ANGELES COMMUNITY HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
$52.52
Gross
$101
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - SAN MARCOS
CA
Cash
$52.52
Gross
$101
KAISER SUNNYSIDE MEDICAL CENTER
OR
Cash
$51
Gross
$60
WELLSPAN EVANGELICAL COMMUNITY HOSPITAL
PA
Cash
$50.6
Gross
$63.25
UCSF HEALTH ST. MARY'S HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
$50.4
Gross
$72
UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL S U N Y HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER
NY
Cash
$94.9
Gross
$146
MUNSON HEALTHCARE OTSEGO MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
MI
Cash
$50.15
Gross
$59
ALTRU HOSPITAL
ND
Cash
$95.16
Gross
$156
UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI MED CENTER
MS
Cash
$50
Gross
$125
UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI MEDICAL CENTER- GRENADA
MS
Cash
$50
Gross
$125
WAYNE MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
GA
Cash
$96.6
Gross
$138
JAMAICA HOSPITAL MEDICAL CENTER
NY
Cash
$103
Gross
$103
CAPE FEAR VALLEY MEDICAL CENTER
NC
Cash
$103
Gross
$172
BETSY JOHNSON REGIONAL HOSPITAL
NC
Cash
$103
Gross
$172
GLENDALE MEM HOSPITAL & HLTH CENTER
CA
Cash
$105
Gross
$150
DOYLESTOWN HOSPITAL
PA
Cash
$107
Gross
$107
IVINSON MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
WY
Cash
$109
Gross
$109
MERCY GENERAL HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
$109
Gross
$156
TRI-CITY MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
$109
Gross
$182
TRI-CITY MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
$109
Gross
$182
ST JOSEPHS HOSPITAL AND MEDICAL CENTER
AZ
Cash
$111
Gross
$158
SANFORD WORTHINGTON MEDICAL CENTER
MN
Cash
$112
Gross
$140
SOVAH HEALTH DANVILLE
VA
Cash
$114
Gross
$286
CARLE RICHLAND MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
IL
Cash
$115
Gross
$115
CEDARS-SINAI MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
$116
Gross
$178
CEDARS-SINAI MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
$116
Gross
$178
GOSHEN HOSPITAL
IN
Cash
$117
Gross
$167
CHI HEALTH PLAINVIEW HOSPITAL
NE
Cash
$118
Gross
$141
CHI HEALTH PLAINVIEW HOSPITAL
NE
Cash
$118
Gross
$141
CHI HEALTH SCHUYLER
NE
Cash
$120
Gross
$141
CHI HEALTH SCHUYLER
NE
Cash
$120
Gross
$141
JACKSON COUNTY REGIONAL HEALTH CENTER
IA
Cash
$120
Gross
$120
HASKELL REGIONAL HOSPITAL, INC
OK
Cash
$120
Gross
$120
ST LUKE'S REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
ID
Cash
$121
Gross
$345
ST LUKE'S REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
ID
Cash
$121
Gross
$345
ST LUKE'S THE WOODLANDS HOSPITAL
TX
Cash
$121
Gross
$345
ST LUKE'S THE WOODLANDS HOSPITAL
TX
Cash
$121
Gross
$345
ST LUKE'S SUGAR LAND HOSPITAL
TX
Cash
$121
Gross
$345
ST LUKE'S SUGAR LAND HOSPITAL
TX
Cash
$121
Gross
$345
ST LUKE'S HOSPITAL AT THE VINTAGE
TX
Cash
$121
Gross
$345
ST LUKE'S HOSPITAL AT THE VINTAGE
TX
Cash
$121
Gross
$345
CARLE HOOPESTON REGIONAL HEALTH CENTER
IL
Cash
$121
Gross
$121
Baylor St Lukes Medical Center
TX
Cash
$125
Gross
$358
CHI ST LUKES LAKESIDE HOSPITAL
TX
Cash
$125
Gross
$358
UNITED REGIONAL HEALTH CARE SYSTEM
TX
Cash
$126
Gross
$133
PETERSON REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
TX
Cash
$139
Gross
$199
HSHS ST ELIZABETH'S HOSPITAL
IL
Cash
$143
Gross
$199
TEXOMA MEDICAL CENTER
TX
Cash
$146
Gross
$194
ADVOCATE SHERMAN HOSPITAL
IL
Cash
$148
Gross
$295
ADVOCATE TRINITY HOSPITAL
IL
Cash
$148
Gross
$295
ADVOCATE ILLINOIS MASONIC MEDICAL CENTER
IL
Cash
$148
Gross
$295
ADVOCATE CONDELL MEDICAL CENTER
IL
Cash
$148
Gross
$295
ADVOCATE CHRIST HOSPITAL & MEDICAL CENTER
IL
Cash
$148
Gross
$295
ADVOCATE LUTHERAN GENERAL HOSPITAL
IL
Cash
$148
Gross
$295
ADVOCATE GOOD SAMARITAN HOSPITAL
IL
Cash
$148
Gross
$295
ADVOCATE GOOD SHEPHERD HOSPITAL
IL
Cash
$148
Gross
$295
CARLE EUREKA HOSPITAL
IL
Cash
$154
Gross
$154
ADVENTHEALTH SHAWNEE MISSION
KS
Cash
$158
Gross
$317
PENDER COMMUNITY HOSPITAL
NE
Cash
$159
Gross
$354
CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL COLORADO
CO
Cash
$164
Gross
$252
CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL COLORADO - COLORADO SPRINGS
CO
Cash
$164
Gross
$252
OPELOUSAS GENERAL HEALTH SYSTEM
LA
Cash
$182
Gross
$363
ATRIUM HEALTH FLOYD MEDICAL CENTER
GA
Cash
$184
Gross
$367
NOVANT HEALTH PRESBYTERIAN MEDICAL CENTER
NC
Cash
$194
Gross
$387
NOVANT HEALTH MATTHEWS MEDICAL CENTER
NC
Cash
$194
Gross
$387
NOVANT HEALTH HUNTERSVILLE MEDICAL CENTER
NC
Cash
$194
Gross
$387
NOVANT HEALTH MINT HILL MEDICAL CENTER
NC
Cash
$194
Gross
$387
NOVANT HEALTH BALLANTYNE MEDICAL CENTER
NC
Cash
$194
Gross
$387
NOVANT PRINCE WILLIAM MEDICAL CENTER
VA
Cash
$194
Gross
$387
NOVANT HEALTH BRUNSWICK MEDICAL CENTER
NC
Cash
$208
Gross
$415
CARLE BROMENN MEDICAL CENTER
IL
Cash
$214
Gross
$214
ABRAHAM LINCOLN MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
IL
Cash
$218
Gross
$218
IZARD REGIONAL HOSPITAL LLC
AR
Cash
$228
Gross
$228
NOVANT HEALTH THOMASVILLE MEDICAL CENTER
NC
Cash
$232
Gross
$387
RUTHERFORD REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
NC
Cash
$238
Gross
$596
BETHESDA HOSPITAL EAST
FL
Cash
$246
Gross
$379
NOVANT HEALTH FORSYTH MEDICAL CENTER
NC
Cash
$249
Gross
$415
NOVANT HEALTH MEDICAL PARK HOSPITAL
NC
Cash
$249
Gross
$415
MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
IL
Cash
$308
Gross
$684
CARLE FOUNDATION HOSPITAL
IL
Cash
$341
Gross
$341
CARLE HEALTH PROCTOR HOSPITAL
IL
Cash
$347
Gross
$347
CARLE HEALTH PEKIN HOSPITAL
IL
Cash
$347
Gross
$347
CARLE HEALTH METHODIST HOSPITAL
IL
Cash
$347
Gross
$347
COOPER UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL
NJ
Cash
$369
Gross
$369
SAINT FRANCIS BARTLETT MEDICAL CENTER
TN
Cash
$415
Gross
$553
TEXAS HEALTH HOSPITAL FRISCO
TX
Cash
$590
Gross
$984
FLOYD CHEROKEE MEDICAL CENTER
AL
Cash
—
Gross
—
THE EAST ALABAMA HEALTHCARE AUTHORITY
AL
Cash
—
Gross
—
THE EAST ALABAMA HEALTHCARE AUTHORITY
AL
Cash
—
Gross
—
LAWRENCE MEDICAL CENTER
AL
Cash
—
Gross
—
LAWRENCE MEDICAL CENTER
AL
Cash
—
Gross
—
RUSSELL MEDICAL CENTER
AL
Cash
—
Gross
—
VAUGHAN REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER PARKWAY CAMPUS
AL
Cash
—
Gross
—
EAMC - LANIER
AL
Cash
—
Gross
—
EAMC - LANIER
AL
Cash
—
Gross
—
TANNER MEDICAL CENTER-EAST ALABAMA
AL
Cash
—
Gross
—
TANNER MEDICAL CENTER-EAST ALABAMA
AL
Cash
—
Gross
—
ST JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL
AZ
Cash
—
Gross
—
HONOR HEALTH JOHN C. LINCOLN MEDICAL CENTER
AZ
Cash
—
Gross
—
HONORHEALTH TEMPE MEDICAL CENTER
AZ
Cash
—
Gross
—
HONORHEALTH SCOTTSDALE OSBORN MEDICAL CENTER
AZ
Cash
—
Gross
—
HONORHEALTH SCOTTSDALE SHEA MEDICAL CENTER
AZ
Cash
—
Gross
—
HONORHEALTH DEER VALLEY MEDICAL CENTER
AZ
Cash
—
Gross
—
HONORHEALTH MOUNTAIN VISTA MEDICAL CENTER
AZ
Cash
—
Gross
—
HONORHEALTH SONORAN CROSSING MEDICAL CENTER
AZ
Cash
—
Gross
—
BENSON HOSPITAL
AZ
Cash
—
Gross
—
NORTHERN COCHISE COMMUNITY HOSPITAL, INC.
AZ
Cash
—
Gross
—
MT. GRAHAM REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
AZ
Cash
—
Gross
$225
LAWRENCE MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
AR
Cash
—
Gross
—
LAWRENCE MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
AR
Cash
—
Gross
—
BRADLEY COUNTY MEDICAL CENTER
AR
Cash
—
Gross
—
PARADISE VALLEY HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
—
Gross
$12.37
LAC/OLIVE VIEW-UCLA MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
—
Gross
—
LAC/OLIVE VIEW-UCLA MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
—
Gross
—
COMMUNITY HOSPITAL OF HUNTINGTON PARK
CA
Cash
—
Gross
—
SANTA MONICA - UCLA MED CTR & ORTHOPAEDIC HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
—
Gross
—
DOCTORS HOSPITAL OF MANTECA
CA
Cash
—
Gross
—
USC VERDUGO HILLS HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
—
Gross
—
USC VERDUGO HILLS HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
—
Gross
—
ENCINO HOSPITAL MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
—
Gross
$61.85
GARDEN GROVE HOSPITAL & MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
—
Gross
$64.82
POMONA VALLEY HOSPITAL MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
—
Gross
—
GOOD SAMARITAN HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
—
Gross
$191
RONALD REAGAN UCLA MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
—
Gross
—
LAC/HARBOR-UCLA MED CENTER
CA
Cash
—
Gross
—
WEST ANAHEIM MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
—
Gross
$64.82
STANFORD HEALTH CARE
CA
Cash
—
Gross
—
UCLA WEST VALLEY MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
—
Gross
—
MEMORIALCARE LONG BEACH MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
—
Gross
—
CLOVIS COMMUNITY MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
—
Gross
—
LA PALMA INTERCOMMUNITY HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
—
Gross
$64.82
EMANATE HEALTH FOOTHILL PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
—
Gross
—
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
—
Gross
—
MEMORIALCARE SADDLEBACK MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
—
Gross
—
MEMORIALCARE ORANGE COAST MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
—
Gross
—
KECK HOSPITAL OF USC
CA
Cash
—
Gross
—
KECK HOSPITAL OF USC
CA
Cash
—
Gross
—
DESERT VALLEY HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
—
Gross
$61.85
LAC/RANCHO LOS AMIGOS NATIONAL REHABILITATION CTR
CA
Cash
—
Gross
—
LAC/RANCHO LOS AMIGOS NATIONAL REHABILITATION CTR
CA
Cash
—
Gross
—
CENTINELA HOSPITAL MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
—
Gross
$12.37
CEDAR-SINAI MARINA DEL REY HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
—
Gross
—
SHERMAN OAKS HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
—
Gross
$12.37
L A DOWNTOWN MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
—
Gross
—
L A DOWNTOWN MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
—
Gross
—
COAST PLAZA HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
—
Gross
—
TEMECULA VALLEY HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
—
Gross
$83
RADY CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL - SAN DIEGO
CA
Cash
—
Gross
—
CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL OF ORANGE COUNTY
CA
Cash
—
Gross
—
MEMORIAL CARE MILLER CHILDREN'S & WOMEN'S HOSP LB
CA
Cash
—
Gross
—
INTERMOUNTAIN HEALTH PLATTE VALLEY HOSPITAL
CO
Cash
—
Gross
—
SAN LUIS VALLEY REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
CO
Cash
—
Gross
—
BOULDER COMMUNITY HEALTH
CO
Cash
—
Gross
—
AdventHealth Porter
CO
Cash
—
Gross
—
ADVENTHEALTH AVISTA
CO
Cash
—
Gross
—
AdventHealth Littleton
CO
Cash
—
Gross
—
AdventHealth Parker
CO
Cash
—
Gross
—
ADVENTHEALTH CASTLE ROCK
CO
Cash
—
Gross
—
UCHEALTH PIKES PEAK REGIONAL HOSPITAL
CO
Cash
—
Gross
—
ORLANDO HEALTH
FL
Cash
—
Gross
—
HCA FLORIDA CITRUS HOSPITAL
FL
Cash
—
Gross
—
ORLANDO HEALTH-HEALTH CENTRAL HOSPITAL
FL
Cash
—
Gross
—
ORLANDO HEALTH BAYFRONT HOSPITAL
FL
Cash
—
Gross
—
ADVENTHEALTH MURRAY
GA
Cash
—
Gross
—
EMORY DECATUR HOSPITAL
GA
Cash
—
Gross
—
EMORY UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL MIDTOWN
GA
Cash
—
Gross
—
GRADY MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
GA
Cash
—
Gross
—
GRADY MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
GA
Cash
—
Gross
—
SAINT JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL OF ATLANTA, INC
GA
Cash
—
Gross
—
BURKE MEDICAL CENTER
GA
Cash
—
Gross
—
FAIRVIEW PARK HOSPITAL
GA
Cash
—
Gross
—
ST FRANCIS HOSPITAL- EMORY HEALTHCARE
GA
Cash
—
Gross
—
SOUTHEAST GEORGIA HEALTH SYSTEM -- CAMDEN CAMPUS
GA
Cash
—
Gross
$19.19
NAVICENT HEALTH BALDWIN
GA
Cash
—
Gross
—
SOUTHERN REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
GA
Cash
—
Gross
$130
ADVENTHEALTH REDMOND
GA
Cash
—
Gross
—
EMORY HILLANDALE HOSPITAL
GA
Cash
—
Gross
—
EMORY JOHNS CREEK HOSPITAL
GA
Cash
—
Gross
—
NORTHEAST GEORGIA MEDICAL CENTER LUMPKIN
GA
Cash
—
Gross
—
TAYLOR REGIONAL HOSPITAL
GA
Cash
—
Gross
—
ATRIUM HEALTH NAVICENT PEACH
GA
Cash
—
Gross
—
ARCHBOLD BROOKS
GA
Cash
—
Gross
—
KAHUKU MEDICAL CENTER
HI
Cash
—
Gross
—
NORTH CANYON MEDICAL CENTER
ID
Cash
—
Gross
—
CASSIA REGIONAL HOSPITAL
ID
Cash
—
Gross
—
CASSIA REGIONAL HOSPITAL
ID
Cash
—
Gross
—
GRAHAM HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION
IL
Cash
—
Gross
$225
NORTHSHORE UNIVERSITY HEALTHSYSTEM - EVANSTON HOSPITAL
IL
Cash
—
Gross
—
BLESSING HOSPITAL
IL
Cash
—
Gross
—
OSF SAINT ANTHONY'S HEALTH CENTER
IL
Cash
—
Gross
—
ST MARY MEDICAL CENTER
IL
Cash
—
Gross
—
UCHICAGO MEDICINE ADVENTHEALTH LA GRANGE
IL
Cash
—
Gross
—
SAINT FRANCIS MEDICAL CENTER
IL
Cash
—
Gross
—
THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MEDICAL CENTER
IL
Cash
—
Gross
—
OSF SACRED HEART MEDICAL CENTER
IL
Cash
—
Gross
—
OSF SAINT ELIZABETH MDL CTR
IL
Cash
—
Gross
—
SAINT JAMES HOSPITAL
IL
Cash
—
Gross
—
ST JOSEPH MEDICAL CENTER
IL
Cash
—
Gross
—
OSF LITTLE COMPANY OF MARY MEDICAL CENTER
IL
Cash
—
Gross
—
INGALLS MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
IL
Cash
—
Gross
—
ELMHURST MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
IL
Cash
—
Gross
—
EDWARD HOSPITAL
IL
Cash
—
Gross
—
SAINT ANTHONY MEDICAL CENTER
IL
Cash
—
Gross
—
JAVON BEA HOSPITAL
IL
Cash
—
Gross
—
NORTHWEST COMMUNITY HOSPITAL 1
IL
Cash
—
Gross
—
UCHICAGO MEDICINE ADVENTHEALTH BOLINGBROOK
IL
Cash
—
Gross
—
ILLINI COMMUNITY HOSPITAL
IL
Cash
—
Gross
—
OSF HOLY FAMILY MEDICAL CENTER
IL
Cash
—
Gross
—
OSF SAINT LUKE MEDICAL CENTER
IL
Cash
—
Gross
—
MERCY HARVARD HOSPITAL
IL
Cash
—
Gross
—
OSF SAINT CLARE MEDICAL CENTER
IL
Cash
—
Gross
—
LAWRENCE COUNTY MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
IL
Cash
—
Gross
$51
ELKHART GENERAL HOSPITAL
IN
Cash
—
Gross
—
UNION HOSPITAL INC
IN
Cash
—
Gross
—
PARKVIEW DEKALB HOSPITAL
IN
Cash
—
Gross
—
MEMORIAL HOSPITAL OF SOUTH BEND
IN
Cash
—
Gross
—
NORTON-KING'S DAUGHTERS' HEALTH
IN
Cash
—
Gross
—
COMMUNITY HOSPITAL EAST
IN
Cash
—
Gross
—
ST ELIZABETH DEARBORN HOSPITAL
IN
Cash
—
Gross
—
PARKVIEW HUNTINGTON HOSPITAL
IN
Cash
—
Gross
—
PARKVIEW WHITLEY HOSPITAL
IN
Cash
—
Gross
—
PARKVIEW NOBLE HOSPITAL
IN
Cash
—
Gross
—
UCHICAGO MEDICINE NORTHWEST INDIANA
IN
Cash
—
Gross
—
COMMUNITY HOSPITAL OF BREMEN INC
IN
Cash
—
Gross
—
PARKVIEW WABASH HOSPITAL, INC
IN
Cash
—
Gross
—
PARKVIEW LAGRANGE HOSPITAL
IN
Cash
—
Gross
—
CLARKE COUNTY HOSPITAL
IA
Cash
—
Gross
—
JEFFERSON COUNTY HEALTH CENTER
IA
Cash
—
Gross
—
ADVENTHEALTH OTTAWA
KS
Cash
—
Gross
—
HUTCHINSON REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER INC
KS
Cash
—
Gross
—
STORMONT VAIL HEALTH FLINT HILLS, LLC
KS
Cash
—
Gross
$58.53
STORMONT VAIL HOSPITAL
KS
Cash
—
Gross
$60.11
ASCENSION VIA CHRISTI HOSPITALS WICHITA, INC.
KS
Cash
—
Gross
—
CENTURA ST. CATHERINE-DODGE CITY
KS
Cash
—
Gross
—
ADVENTHEALTH SOUTH OVERLAND PARK, INC
KS
Cash
—
Gross
—
WAMEGO HEALTH CENTER
KS
Cash
—
Gross
—
COMMUNITY MEMORIAL HEALTHCARE, INC.
KS
Cash
—
Gross
—
KINGMAN HEALTHCARE CENTER
KS
Cash
—
Gross
—
ST ELIZABETH FT THOMAS
KY
Cash
—
Gross
—
UOFL HEALTH - SHELBYVILLE HOSPITAL
KY
Cash
—
Gross
—
ST ELIZABETH EDGEWOOD
KY
Cash
—
Gross
—
UOFL HEALTH - JEWISH HOSPITAL and Mary & Elizabeth Hospital
KY
Cash
—
Gross
—
ST ELIZABETH FLORENCE
KY
Cash
—
Gross
—
JENNIE STUART MEDICAL CENTER
KY
Cash
—
Gross
—
UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY HOSPITAL
KY
Cash
—
Gross
—
BAPTIST HEALTH DEACONESS MADISONVILLE
KY
Cash
—
Gross
—
TRISTAR GREENVIEW REGIONAL HOSPITAL
KY
Cash
—
Gross
—
THREE RIVERS MEDICAL CENTER
KY
Cash
—
Gross
—
ST ELIZABETH GRANT
KY
Cash
—
Gross
—
OPELOUSAS GENERAL HEALTH SYSTEM
LA
Cash
—
Gross
—
CHRISTUS SHREVEPORT-BOSSIER HEALTH SYSTEM
LA
Cash
—
Gross
—
CHRISTUS CENTRAL LOUISIANA SURGICAL HOSPITAL
LA
Cash
—
Gross
—
ST JAMES PARISH HOSPITAL
LA
Cash
—
Gross
—
NORTHERN LIGHT MERCY HOSPITAL
ME
Cash
—
Gross
—
MAINEHEALTH MAINE MEDICAL CENTER
ME
Cash
—
Gross
—
NORTHERN LIGHT A R GOULD HOSPITAL
ME
Cash
—
Gross
—
MAINEHEALTH MID COAST HOSPITAL
ME
Cash
—
Gross
—
CENTRAL MAINE MEDICAL CENTER
ME
Cash
—
Gross
$144
NORTHERN LIGHT EASTERN MAINE MEDICAL CENTER
ME
Cash
—
Gross
—
NORTHERN LIGHT MAINE COAST HOSPITAL
ME
Cash
—
Gross
—
MAINEHEALTH PEN BAY HOSPITAL
ME
Cash
—
Gross
—
NORTHERN LIGHT BLUE HILL MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
ME
Cash
—
Gross
—
NORTHERN LIGHT C A DEAN HOSPITAL
ME
Cash
—
Gross
—
LINCOLNHEALTH
ME
Cash
—
Gross
—
NORTHERN LIGHT MAYO HOSPITAL
ME
Cash
—
Gross
—
MAINEHEALTH WALDO HOSPITAL
ME
Cash
—
Gross
—
NORTHERN LIGHT SEBASTICOOK VALLEY HOSPITAL
ME
Cash
—
Gross
—
MAINEHEALTH STEPHENS HOSPITAL
ME
Cash
—
Gross
—
MAINEHEALTH FRANKLIN HOSPITAL
ME
Cash
—
Gross
—
UNIVERSITY OF MD ST JOSEPH MEDICAL CENTER
MD
Cash
—
Gross
—
LAWRENCE GENERAL HOSPITAL
MA
Cash
—
Gross
—
LAWRENCE GENERAL HOSPITAL
MA
Cash
—
Gross
—
SAINT ANNE'S HOSPITAL
MA
Cash
—
Gross
—
SIGNATURE HEALTHCARE BROCKTON HOSPITAL
MA
Cash
—
Gross
—
BETH ISRAEL DEACONESS HOSPITAL PLYMOUTH
MA
Cash
—
Gross
—
BROWN UNIVERSITY HEALTH MORTON HOSPITAL
MA
Cash
—
Gross
—
HOLY FAMILY HOSPITAL
MA
Cash
—
Gross
—
BETH ISRAEL DEACONESS HOSPITAL - NEEDHAM
MA
Cash
—
Gross
—
BETH ISRAEL DEACONESS MEDICAL CENTER
MA
Cash
—
Gross
—
SOUTH SHORE HOSPITAL
MA
Cash
—
Gross
—
BETH ISRAEL DEACONESS HOSPITAL - MILTON
MA
Cash
—
Gross
—
COREWELL HEALTH ZEELAND HOSPITAL
MI
Cash
—
Gross
—
LAKELAND HOSPITAL, ST JOSEPH
MI
Cash
—
Gross
—
SPECTRUM HEALTH
MI
Cash
—
Gross
—
MUNSON HEALTHCARE GRAYLING HOSPITAL
MI
Cash
—
Gross
—
MUNSON HEALTHCARE CADILLAC HOSPITAL
MI
Cash
—
Gross
—
COREWELL HEALTH BIG RAPIDS HOSPITAL
MI
Cash
—
Gross
—
COREWELL HEALTH LUDINGTON HOSPITAL
MI
Cash
—
Gross
—
BEAUMONT HOSPITAL ROYAL OAK
MI
Cash
—
Gross
—
MUNSON HEALTHCARE OTSEGO MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
MI
Cash
—
Gross
—
COREWELL HEALTH WAYNE HOSPITAL
MI
Cash
—
Gross
—
COREWELL HEALTH TRENTON HOSPITAL
MI
Cash
—
Gross
—
MUNSON HEALTHCARE MANISTEE HOSPITAL
MI
Cash
—
Gross
—
PAUL OLIVER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
MI
Cash
—
Gross
—
KALKASKA MEMORIAL HEALTH CENTER
MI
Cash
—
Gross
—
COREWELL HEALTH REED CITY HOSPITAL
MI
Cash
—
Gross
—
OSF ST FRANCIS HOSPITAL AND MEDICAL GROUP
MI
Cash
—
Gross
—
COREWELL HEALTH GERBER HOSPITAL
MI
Cash
—
Gross
—
COREWELL HEALTH PENNOCK HOSPITAL
MI
Cash
—
Gross
—
ALOMERE HEALTH
MN
Cash
—
Gross
—
RANGE REGIONAL HEALTH SERVICES
MN
Cash
—
Gross
—
PARK NICOLLET METHODIST HOSPITAL
MN
Cash
—
Gross
—
GRAND ITASCA CLINIC AND HOSPITAL
MN
Cash
—
Gross
—
ESSENTIA HEALTH ST JOSEPH'S MEDICAL CENTER
MN
Cash
—
Gross
—
SANFORD BEMIDJI MEDICAL CENTER
MN
Cash
—
Gross
—
ESSENTIA HEALTH ST MARYS - DETROIT LAKES
MN
Cash
—
Gross
—
NORTH VALLEY HEALTH CENTER
MN
Cash
—
Gross
—
ESSENTIA HEALTH MOOSE LAKE
MN
Cash
—
Gross
—
GILLETTE CHILDRENS SPECIALTY HOSPITAL
MN
Cash
—
Gross
—
GEORGE REGIONAL HEALTH SYSTEM
MS
Cash
—
Gross
—
ALLIANCE HEALTH CENTER
MS
Cash
—
Gross
—
SSM HEALTH ST. MARY'S HOSPITAL - JEFFERSON CITY
MO
Cash
—
Gross
—
NORTHEAST REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
MO
Cash
—
Gross
—
BOONE HOSPITAL CENTER
MO
Cash
—
Gross
—
SSM ST CLARE HEALTH CENTER
MO
Cash
—
Gross
—
SSM HEALTH ST MARY'S HOSPITAL - ST LOUIS
MO
Cash
—
Gross
—
SSM HEALTH DEPAUL HOSPITAL ST LOUIS
MO
Cash
—
Gross
—
SSM HEALTH SAINT LOUIS UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL
MO
Cash
—
Gross
—
LEE'S SUMMIT MEDICAL CENTER
MO
Cash
—
Gross
—
MOSAIC MEDICAL CENTER - MARYVILLE
MO
Cash
—
Gross
—
MOUNTAINVIEW MEDICAL CENTER
MT
Cash
—
Gross
—
PRAIRIE COMMUNITY CAH
MT
Cash
—
Gross
—
CLARK FORK VALLEY HOSPITAL
MT
Cash
—
Gross
$38.4
STILLWATER BILLINGS CLINIC
MT
Cash
—
Gross
$23
SIDNEY HEALTH CENTER
MT
Cash
—
Gross
—
HOLY ROSARY HOSPITAL
MT
Cash
—
Gross
—
BOYS TOWN NATIONAL RESEARCH HOSPITAL
NE
Cash
—
Gross
—
NORTH VISTA HOSPITAL
NV
Cash
—
Gross
$147
UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER
NV
Cash
—
Gross
$164
MOUNT GRANT GENERAL HOSPITAL
NV
Cash
—
Gross
$168
CARSON VALLEY HEALTH
NV
Cash
—
Gross
—
CHESHIRE MEDICAL CENTER
NH
Cash
—
Gross
—
CHESHIRE MEDICAL CENTER
NH
Cash
—
Gross
—
CATHOLIC MEDICAL CENTER
NH
Cash
—
Gross
—
MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, THE
NH
Cash
—
Gross
—
MONADNOCK COMMUNITY HOSPITAL
NH
Cash
—
Gross
—
CAREWELL HEALTH MEDICAL CENTER
NJ
Cash
—
Gross
—
JEFFERSON STRATFORD HOSPITAL
NJ
Cash
—
Gross
—
SAINT MICHAEL'S MEDICAL CENTER
NJ
Cash
—
Gross
$149
GENEVA GENERAL HOSPITAL
NY
Cash
—
Gross
—
OLEAN GENERAL HOSPITAL
NY
Cash
—
Gross
—
GARNET HEALTH MEDICAL CENTER
NY
Cash
—
Gross
—
ST JAMES HOSPITAL
NY
Cash
—
Gross
—
HIGHLAND HOSPITAL
NY
Cash
—
Gross
$68
MONTEFIORE NEW ROCHELLE HOSPITAL
NY
Cash
—
Gross
—
NICHOLAS H NOYES MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
NY
Cash
—
Gross
—
MONTEFIORE ST LUKE'S CORNWALL
NY
Cash
—
Gross
$91
GARNET HEALTH MEDICAL CENTER CATSKILLS
NY
Cash
—
Gross
—
CUBA MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, INC
NY
Cash
—
Gross
—
GARNET HEALTH MEDICAL CENTER CATSKILLS
NY
Cash
—
Gross
—
CAROLINAS MEDICAL CENTER-NORTHEAST
NC
Cash
—
Gross
$319
MEMORIAL MISSION HOSPITAL AND ASHEVILLE SURGERY CE
NC
Cash
—
Gross
—
ATRIUM HEALTH CLEVELAND
NC
Cash
—
Gross
$318
ADVENTHEALTH HENDERSONVILLE
NC
Cash
—
Gross
—
COLUMBUS REGIONAL HEALTHCARE SYSTEM
NC
Cash
—
Gross
—
WAKEMED, RALEIGH CAMPUS
NC
Cash
—
Gross
—
WAKEMED, RALEIGH CAMPUS
NC
Cash
—
Gross
—
BLUE RIDGE HEALTHCARE HOSPITALS, INC
NC
Cash
—
Gross
$230
ATRIUM HEALTH ANSON
NC
Cash
—
Gross
$318
ATRIUM HEALTH PINEVILLE
NC
Cash
—
Gross
$318
CAROLINAS MEDICAL CENTER/BEHAV HEALTH
NC
Cash
—
Gross
$318
STANLY REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
NC
Cash
—
Gross
$318
ATRIUM HEALTH UNION
NC
Cash
—
Gross
$318
NOVANT HEALTH NEW HANOVER REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
NC
Cash
—
Gross
—
ATRIUM HEALTH LINCOLN
NC
Cash
—
Gross
$318
ATRIUM HEALTH UNIVERSITY CITY
NC
Cash
—
Gross
$318

Data straight from each hospital's federally-mandated machine-readable file (45 CFR § 180). Prices reflect what the hospital published; what you actually pay depends on your specific plan, deductible, and other factors. "Cash price" is the discounted self-pay rate hospitals are required to publish for uninsured patients.