CPT 42330 · 1,060 hospitals reporting

42330

The same procedure costs $132 at one hospital and $36,412 at another — a 276× spread for what's billed under the same code. Median: $2,567.

Cheapest published
$132
3 entries below $50 already filtered. Remaining low values usually reflect partial-cost line items (professional fee only), not full bills.
Median across 1,060 hospitals
$2,567
The realistic middle of the cash-price distribution. Use this as your benchmark.
Most expensive
$36,412
Highest published price. Often a gross-charge "list price" rarely actually paid.

Price distribution

292 hospitals · log-scale x-axis
median $2,567$1K$10KHOSPITALS →

Each bar = number of hospitals charging in that price range. Emerald bar contains the median. Amber dots = entries we flagged as likely partial-cost line items (excluded from the table below).

Why some prices look unrealistically low or high

Hospitals publish their machine-readable files (MRFs) the way they choose. A single procedure code can appear with very different prices depending on what's being charged:

  • Global price — facility + implant + anesthesia + surgeon. This is what you'd actually be billed.
  • Professional fee only — surgeon's portion. Often $500–$2,500 for a major procedure that costs $20K+ globally.
  • Facility fee only — operating room and recovery, no implant or surgeon.
  • Per-unit / per-minute charges — e.g. anesthesia time billed at $0.68/min appearing under a CPT code.
  • Rate multipliers — values like 0.85 meaning "85% of Medicare" rather than dollars.

We filter the most obvious artifacts (under $50, or 25× above the median), but rows in the $500–$2K range for a major procedure are typically professional-only and we can't always tell. Use the median and high-end as the realistic range; treat very low rows as partial-cost line items, not full bills.

500 hospitals reporting
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - PANORAMA CITY
CA
Cash
$2,567
Gross
$7,333
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - LOS ANGELES
CA
Cash
$2,567
Gross
$7,333
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - DOWNEY
CA
Cash
$2,567
Gross
$7,333
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL FONTANA/ONTARIO
CA
Cash
$2,567
Gross
$7,333
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - SAN DIEGO
CA
Cash
$2,567
Gross
$7,333
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - WEST LA
CA
Cash
$2,567
Gross
$7,333
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - WOODLAND HILLS
CA
Cash
$2,567
Gross
$7,333
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL, RIVERSIDE
CA
Cash
$2,567
Gross
$7,333
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - BALDWIN PARK
CA
Cash
$2,567
Gross
$7,333
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL-MORENO VALLEY
CA
Cash
$2,567
Gross
$7,333
UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI MED CENTER
MS
Cash
$2,600
Gross
$6,500
UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI MEDICAL CENTER- GRENADA
MS
Cash
$2,600
Gross
$6,500
BAYLOR EMERGENCY MEDICAL CENTER AT AUBREY
TX
Cash
$2,617
Gross
$4,361
UCH-MEMORIAL HEALTH SYSTEM
CO
Cash
$2,620
Gross
$7,487
LONGS PEAK HOSPITAL
CO
Cash
$2,620
Gross
$7,487
UCHEALTH BROOMFIELD HOSPITAL
CO
Cash
$2,620
Gross
$7,487
UCHEALTH GRANDVIEW HOSPITAL
CO
Cash
$2,620
Gross
$7,487
University of Arkansas Medical Sciences
AR
Cash
$2,657
Gross
$4,429
MISSION COMMUNITY HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
$2,472
Gross
$3,803
AIKEN REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
SC
Cash
$2,749
Gross
$6,872
SWEETWATER HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION
TN
Cash
$2,749
Gross
$6,872
JACKSON HEALTH SYSTEM
FL
Cash
$2,371
Gross
$21,123
BAPTIST HEALTH MEDICAL CENTER-LITTLE ROCK
AR
Cash
$2,764
Gross
$11,054
LONGMONT UNITED HOSPITAL
CO
Cash
$2,768
Gross
$6,921
CENTURA HEALTH-ST ANTHONY NORTH HEALTH CAMPUS
CO
Cash
$2,768
Gross
$6,921
ORTHOCOLORADO HOSP AT ST ANTHONY MED CAMPUS
CO
Cash
$2,768
Gross
$6,921
ST FRANCIS HOSPITAL - INTERQUEST
CO
Cash
$2,768
Gross
$6,921
SAINT ANTHONY HOSPITAL
IL
Cash
$2,768
Gross
$6,921
PEACEHEALTH PEACE ISLAND MEDICAL CENTER
WA
Cash
$2,360
Gross
$3,630
BAPTIST MEDICAL CENTER SOUTH
AL
Cash
$2,318
Gross
$12,199
WESTERLY HOSPITAL
RI
Cash
$2,857
Gross
$7,935
UCHEALTH HIGHLANDS RANCH HOSPITAL
CO
Cash
$2,246
Gross
$7,487
TERREBONNE GENERAL MEDICAL CENTER - PARISH
LA
Cash
$3,029
Gross
$3,029
PHYSICIANS MEDICAL CENTER
LA
Cash
$3,029
Gross
$3,029
MOUNTAIN VIEW HOSPITAL
ID
Cash
$1,995
Gross
$2,850
IDAHO FALLS COMMUNITY HOSPITAL, LLC
ID
Cash
$1,995
Gross
$2,850
SHRINERS HOSPITALS FOR CHILDREN NORTHERN CALIF
CA
Cash
$1,950
Gross
$1,950
SHRINERS HOSPITAL FOR CHILDREN
IL
Cash
$1,950
Gross
$1,950
THE SHRINERS' HOSPITAL FOR CHILDREN - BOSTON
MA
Cash
$1,950
Gross
$1,950
SHRINERS HOSPITALS FOR CHILDREN
MO
Cash
$1,950
Gross
$1,950
SHRINERS HOSPITALS FOR CHILDREN
OH
Cash
$1,950
Gross
$1,950
SHRINERS HOSPITAL FOR CHILDREN - PORTLAND
OR
Cash
$1,950
Gross
$1,950
SHRINERS HOSPITALS FOR CHILDREN - PHILADELPHIA
PA
Cash
$1,950
Gross
$1,950
SHRINERS HOSPITALS FOR CHILDREN
SC
Cash
$1,950
Gross
$1,950
SHRINERS HOSPITALS FOR CHILDREN
TX
Cash
$1,950
Gross
$1,950
SHRINERS HOSPITAL FOR CHILDREN
WA
Cash
$1,950
Gross
$1,950
UNM HOSPITAL
NM
Cash
$1,942
Gross
$3,530
CENTRAL MAINE MEDICAL CENTER
ME
Cash
$3,271
Gross
$10,142
UCHEALTH GREELEY HOSPITAL
CO
Cash
$3,283
Gross
$5,472
O U MEDICAL CENTER
OK
Cash
$1,834
Gross
$18,345
CHI ST JOSEPH HEALTH REGIONAL HOSPITAL
TX
Cash
$1,829
Gross
$5,225
VIRGINIA MASON MEDICAL CENTER
WA
Cash
$3,306
Gross
$6,483
UNIVERSITY HEALTH LAKEWOOD MEDICAL CENTER
MO
Cash
$1,729
Gross
$3,144
ANN & ROBERT H LURIE CHILDRENS HOSPITAL OF CHICAGO
IL
Cash
$1,722
Gross
$2,460
CAMPBELL COUNTY HEALTH
WY
Cash
$3,414
Gross
$3,414
SANFORD MEDICAL CENTER FARGO
ND
Cash
$3,424
Gross
$4,280
BAPTIST HEALTH MEDICAL CENTER NORTH LITTLE ROCK
AR
Cash
$3,542
Gross
$14,169
UNITYPOINT HEALTH - MERITER
WI
Cash
$1,570
Gross
$1,962
ALAMEDA HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
$1,568
Gross
$3,135
HIGHLAND HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
$1,568
Gross
$3,135
CEDAR-SINAI MARINA DEL REY HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
$1,551
Gross
$2,386
UH REGIONAL HOSPITALS
OH
Cash
$3,590
Gross
$4,786
UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS PORTAGE MEDICAL CENTER
OH
Cash
$3,590
Gross
$4,786
LAKE HEALTH
OH
Cash
$3,590
Gross
$4,786
UH ST JOHN MEDICAL CENTER
OH
Cash
$3,590
Gross
$4,786
UH CLEVELAND MEDICAL CENTER
OH
Cash
$3,590
Gross
$4,786
UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS - ELYRIA MEDICAL CENTER
OH
Cash
$3,590
Gross
$4,786
UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS AHUJA MEDICAL CENTER
OH
Cash
$3,590
Gross
$4,786
RAINBOW BABIES AND CHILDRENS HOSPITAL
OH
Cash
$3,590
Gross
$4,786
CHI SAINT JOSEPH BEREA NF
KY
Cash
$1,475
Gross
$3,060
CHI SAINT JOSEPH BEREA NF
KY
Cash
$1,475
Gross
$3,060
HILTON HEAD REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
SC
Cash
$3,670
Gross
EAST COOPER MEDICAL CENTER
SC
Cash
$3,670
Gross
COASTAL CAROLINA HOSPITAL
SC
Cash
$3,670
Gross
BAYLOR SCOTT AND WHITE SURGICAL HOSPITAL FORTWORTH
TX
Cash
$1,410
Gross
$2,350
UNITED REGIONAL HEALTH CARE SYSTEM
TX
Cash
$3,745
Gross
$3,942
CHI HEALTH MERCY COUNCIL BLUFFS
IA
Cash
$1,367
Gross
$3,255
CHI HEALTH MERCY COUNCIL BLUFFS
IA
Cash
$1,367
Gross
$3,255
CHI HEALTH BERGAN MERCY
NE
Cash
$1,367
Gross
$3,255
CHI HEALTH BERGAN MERCY
NE
Cash
$1,367
Gross
$3,255
CHI HEALTH IMMANUEL
NE
Cash
$1,367
Gross
$3,255
CHI HEALTH IMMANUEL
NE
Cash
$1,367
Gross
$3,255
CHI HEALTH MIDLANDS
NE
Cash
$1,367
Gross
$3,255
CHI HEALTH MIDLANDS
NE
Cash
$1,367
Gross
$3,255
CHI HEALTH LAKESIDE
NE
Cash
$1,367
Gross
$3,255
CHI HEALTH LAKESIDE
NE
Cash
$1,367
Gross
$3,255
DARDANELLE REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
AR
Cash
$3,770
Gross
$9,668
SANFORD BEMIDJI MEDICAL CENTER
MN
Cash
$3,777
Gross
$4,721
ST MARY'S REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
OK
Cash
$1,356
Gross
$3,389
JEFFERSON EINSTEIN PHILADELPHIA HOSPITAL
PA
Cash
$3,802
Gross
JEFFERSON EINSTEIN MONTGOMERY HOSPITAL
PA
Cash
$3,802
Gross
POUDRE VALLEY HOSPITAL
CO
Cash
$3,830
Gross
$5,472
MEDICAL CENTER OF THE ROCKIES
CO
Cash
$3,830
Gross
$5,472
OAKLEAF SURGICAL HOSPITAL
WI
Cash
$3,887
Gross
$4,319
ELMORE COMMUNITY HOSPITAL
AL
Cash
$3,892
Gross
$9,729
ST LUKES HOSPITAL
MN
Cash
$1,217
Gross
$2,174
CEDARS-SINAI MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
$3,965
Gross
$6,100
CHI-ST VINCENT INFIRMARY
AR
Cash
$1,146
Gross
$4,466
CHI-ST VINCENT INFIRMARY
AR
Cash
$1,146
Gross
$4,466
BALDWIN HEALTH
AL
Cash
$3,988
Gross
$7,670
PIH HEALTH DOWNEY HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
$3,988
Gross
$7,670
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - SOUTH BAY
CA
Cash
$3,988
Gross
$7,670
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - ORANGE COUNTY - ANAHEIM
CA
Cash
$3,988
Gross
$7,670
LOS ANGELES COMMUNITY HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
$3,988
Gross
$7,670
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - SAN MARCOS
CA
Cash
$3,988
Gross
$7,670
ST VINCENT MEDICAL CENTER/NORTH
AR
Cash
$1,135
Gross
$4,466
ST VINCENT MEDICAL CENTER/NORTH
AR
Cash
$1,135
Gross
$4,466
BRIDGEPORT HOSPITAL
CT
Cash
$4,047
Gross
$7,935
ST MARYS HOSPITAL MEDICAL CTR
WI
Cash
$1,033
Gross
$2,296
EAST VALLEY ER & HOSPITAL
AZ
Cash
$1,033
Gross
$2,296
ALEXANDRIA EMERGENCY HOSPITAL
LA
Cash
$1,033
Gross
$2,296
GREENWICH HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION -
CT
Cash
$4,126
Gross
$7,935
MONTEFIORE ST LUKE'S CORNWALL
NY
Cash
$4,139
Gross
ALTRU HOSPITAL
ND
Cash
$985
Gross
$1,615
THE UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT HEALTH NETWORK-ALICE HY
NY
Cash
$977
Gross
$977
TRINITY MUSCATINE
IA
Cash
$4,160
Gross
$5,200
TRINITY REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
IA
Cash
$4,160
Gross
$5,200
ST LUKES HOSPITAL
IA
Cash
$4,160
Gross
$5,200
UNITYPOINT HEALTH - DES MOINES IOWA METHODIST MEDI
IA
Cash
$4,160
Gross
$5,200
ST LUKES REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
IA
Cash
$4,160
Gross
$5,200
ROME MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, INC
NY
Cash
$4,216
Gross
$10,444
DOYLESTOWN HOSPITAL
PA
Cash
$900
Gross
$900
NORTH HAWAII COMMUNITY HOSPITAL, INC
HI
Cash
$4,234
Gross
$6,049
USA HEALTH UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL
AL
Cash
$4,254
Gross
$10,574
THE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL
NJ
Cash
$4,254
Gross
$10,574
UNIVERSITY HEALTH SYSTEM, INC
TN
Cash
$4,254
Gross
$10,574
GIBSON COMMUNITY HOSPITAL
IL
Cash
$845
Gross
$845
GIBSON GENERAL HOSPITAL
IN
Cash
$845
Gross
$845
ST ANTHONY REGIONAL HOSPITAL & NURSING HOME
IA
Cash
$823
Gross
$4,703
ST ANTHONY REGIONAL HOSPITAL & NURSING HOME
IA
Cash
$823
Gross
$4,703
BURLESON ST JOSEPH HEALTH CENTER
TX
Cash
$823
Gross
$4,703
BURLESON ST JOSEPH HEALTH CENTER
TX
Cash
$823
Gross
$4,703
MADISON ST JOSEPH HEALTH CENTER
TX
Cash
$823
Gross
$4,703
MADISON ST JOSEPH HEALTH CENTER
TX
Cash
$823
Gross
$4,703
GRIMES ST JOSEPH HEALTH CENTER
TX
Cash
$823
Gross
$4,703
GRIMES ST JOSEPH HEALTH CENTER
TX
Cash
$823
Gross
$4,703
TOPS SURGICAL SPECIALTY HOSPITAL
TX
Cash
$810
Gross
$2,313
UNIVERSITY OF MD ST JOSEPH MEDICAL CENTER
MD
Cash
$800
Gross
$800
REYNOLDS MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
WV
Cash
$4,372
Gross
$8,743
MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
IL
Cash
$4,385
Gross
$9,744
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - SOUTH SAN FRANCISCO
CA
Cash
$4,459
Gross
$12,739
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL-SANTA CLARA
CA
Cash
$4,459
Gross
$12,739
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL AND REHAB CENTER
CA
Cash
$4,459
Gross
$12,739
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - OAKLAND/RICHMOND
CA
Cash
$4,459
Gross
$12,739
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - SAN FRANCISCO
CA
Cash
$4,459
Gross
$12,739
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - SACRAMENTO
CA
Cash
$4,459
Gross
$12,739
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
$4,459
Gross
$12,739
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - FREMONT
CA
Cash
$4,459
Gross
$12,739
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL-SAN JOSE
CA
Cash
$4,459
Gross
$12,739
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSP SO SACRAMENTO
CA
Cash
$4,459
Gross
$12,739
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL-SANTA ROSA
CA
Cash
$4,459
Gross
$12,739
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - FRESNO
CA
Cash
$4,459
Gross
$12,739
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - ANTIOCH
CA
Cash
$4,459
Gross
$12,739
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - VACAVILLE
CA
Cash
$4,459
Gross
$12,739
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - ROSEVILLE
CA
Cash
$4,459
Gross
$12,739
SCHOOLCRAFT MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
MI
Cash
$673
Gross
$841
SIOUX FALLS SPECIALTY HOSPITAL
SD
Cash
$4,466
Gross
$5,955
CHEYENNE REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
WY
Cash
$656
Gross
$937
FIRST CARE HEALTH CENTER
ND
Cash
$654
Gross
$654
FIRST CARE HEALTH CENTER
ND
Cash
$654
Gross
$654
UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS CONNEAUT MEDICAL CENTER
OH
Cash
$628
Gross
$837
JONES REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
IA
Cash
$617
Gross
$772
FAIRVIEW LAKES HEALTH SERVICES
MN
Cash
$610
Gross
$973
FAIRVIEW NORTHLAND REGIONAL HOSPITAL
MN
Cash
$610
Gross
$973
SACRED HEART MEDICAL CENTER - RIVERBEND
OR
Cash
$4,526
Gross
$6,964
KEEFE MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
CO
Cash
$605
Gross
$605
OCHSNER CHOCTAW GENERAL
AL
Cash
$4,546
Gross
$5,981
TRINITY ROCK ISLAND
IL
Cash
$572
Gross
$715
UNITYPOINT HEALTH - MARSHALLTOWN
IA
Cash
$572
Gross
$715
TRINITY MUSCATINE
IA
Cash
$572
Gross
$715
TRINITY REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
IA
Cash
$572
Gross
$715
ST LUKES HOSPITAL
IA
Cash
$572
Gross
$715
UNITYPOINT HEALTH - DES MOINES IOWA METHODIST MEDI
IA
Cash
$572
Gross
$715
TRINITY - BETTENDORF
IA
Cash
$572
Gross
$715
ALLEN HOSPITAL
IA
Cash
$572
Gross
$715
FINLEY HOSPITAL
IA
Cash
$572
Gross
$715
ST LUKES REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
IA
Cash
$572
Gross
$715
GRINNELL REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
IA
Cash
$572
Gross
$715
GRUNDY COUNTY MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
IA
Cash
$572
Gross
$715
JONES REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
IA
Cash
$572
Gross
$715
CHAMPLAIN VALLEY PHYSICIANS HOSPITAL MEDICAL CTR
NY
Cash
$571
Gross
$571
COLQUITT REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
GA
Cash
$558
Gross
$558
JACKSON COUNTY MEMORIAL HOSPITAL AUTHORITY
OK
Cash
$558
Gross
$558
RANDOLPH HOSPITAL
NC
Cash
$548
Gross
$2,742
CHESHIRE MEDICAL CENTER
NH
Cash
$531
Gross
$1,923
FLUSHING HOSPITAL MEDICAL CENTER
NY
Cash
$517
Gross
$517
SIDNEY HEALTH CENTER
MT
Cash
$507
Gross
$819
SIDNEY HEALTH CENTER
MT
Cash
$507
Gross
$819
HOLY FAMILY MEMORIAL
WI
Cash
$500
Gross
BARAGA COUNTY MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
MI
Cash
$468
Gross
$468
BROADLAWNS MEDICAL CENTER
IA
Cash
$467
Gross
$467
YALE-NEW HAVEN HOSPITAL
CT
Cash
$4,682
Gross
$7,935
GRANVILLE HEALTH SYSTEMS
NC
Cash
$443
Gross
$554
TEXOMA MEDICAL CENTER
TX
Cash
$4,695
Gross
$6,260
DALLAS COUNTY MEDICAL CENTER
AR
Cash
$436
Gross
$670
WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS, INC
WV
Cash
$4,700
Gross
$9,399
MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
IL
Cash
$407
Gross
$509
MUNSON HEALTHCARE GRAYLING HOSPITAL
MI
Cash
$407
Gross
$479
MUNSON HEALTHCARE CADILLAC HOSPITAL
MI
Cash
$407
Gross
$479
MUNSON HEALTHCARE OTSEGO MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
MI
Cash
$407
Gross
$479
MUNSON HEALTHCARE MANISTEE HOSPITAL
MI
Cash
$407
Gross
$479
PAUL OLIVER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
MI
Cash
$407
Gross
$479
STEVENS COMMUNITY MEDICAL CENTER
MN
Cash
$396
Gross
$528
DESOTO REGIONAL HEALTH SYSTEM
LA
Cash
$396
Gross
$565
SPENCER MUNICIPAL HOSPITAL
IA
Cash
$394
Gross
$525
OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER
OK
Cash
$383
Gross
$3,835
WASHINGTON REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
AR
Cash
$381
Gross
$508
ST JOSEPHS AREA HEALTH SERVICES
MN
Cash
$367
Gross
$593
PENOBSCOT VALLEY HOSPITAL
ME
Cash
$364
Gross
$455
SOUTHWESTERN VERMONT MEDICAL CENTER
VT
Cash
$357
Gross
$510
SURGICAL INSTITUTE OF READING
PA
Cash
$4,783
Gross
$2,691
CENTRAL VERMONT MEDICAL CENTER
VT
Cash
$4,789
Gross
$4,789
JACKSON COUNTY REGIONAL HEALTH CENTER
IA
Cash
$331
Gross
$331
MOSAIC LIFE CARE AT ST JOSEPH
MO
Cash
$326
Gross
$383
MOSAIC MEDICAL CENTER ALBANY
MO
Cash
$326
Gross
$383
MOSAIC MEDICAL CENTER - MARYVILLE
MO
Cash
$326
Gross
$383
COMMUNITY MEMORIAL HOSPITAL MEDICAL CENTER
IA
Cash
$290
Gross
$363
OCHSNER STENNIS MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
MS
Cash
$270
Gross
$392
OCHSNER WATKINS HOSPITAL
MS
Cash
$263
Gross
$392
OCHSNER SCOTT REGIONAL
MS
Cash
$247
Gross
$392
ELLIS HOSPITAL
NY
Cash
$247
Gross
$493
ELLIS HOSPITAL
NY
Cash
$247
Gross
$493
BOZEMAN HEALTH DEACONESS HOSPITAL
MT
Cash
$246
Gross
$308
BOZEMAN HEALTH BIG SKY MEDICAL CENTER
MT
Cash
$246
Gross
$308
UNITED HOSPITAL CENTER, INC
WV
Cash
$4,891
Gross
$9,782
SISTERSVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL
WV
Cash
$4,891
Gross
$9,782
SUMMERSVILLE REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
WV
Cash
$4,891
Gross
$9,782
OCHSNER LAIRD HOSPITAL
MS
Cash
$239
Gross
$392
DEACONESS HOSPITAL INC
IN
Cash
$234
Gross
$293
BAPTIST HEALTH DEACONESS MADISONVILLE
KY
Cash
$232
Gross
$494
DEACONESS ILLINOIS CROSSROADS
IL
Cash
$213
Gross
$609
UNM HOSPITAL
NM
Cash
$193
Gross
$351
BARNESVILLE HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION, INC
OH
Cash
$181
Gross
$362
BERKELEY MEDICAL CENTER
WV
Cash
$181
Gross
$362
COX BARTON COUNTY HOSPITAL
MO
Cash
$172
Gross
$538
JACKSON GENERAL HOSPITAL
WV
Cash
$171
Gross
$342
BRAXTON COUNTY MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, INC
WV
Cash
$168
Gross
$335
POTOMAC VALLEY HOSPITAL
WV
Cash
$168
Gross
$335
COX MONETT HOSPITAL
MO
Cash
$164
Gross
$538
BAPTIST HEALTH MEDICAL CENTER - JACKSONVILLE
FL
Cash
$162
Gross
$855
COMMUNITY MEMORIAL HOSPITAL MEDICAL CENTER
IA
Cash
$150
Gross
$187
OCHSNER RUSH HOSPITAL
MS
Cash
$137
Gross
$392
JENNIE STUART MEDICAL CENTER
KY
Cash
$132
Gross
$426
COMMUNITY MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
WI
Cash
$5,238
Gross
$9,523
FROEDTERT MEMORIAL LUTHERAN HOSPITAL
WI
Cash
$5,238
Gross
$9,523
TRINITY ROCK ISLAND
IL
Cash
$5,354
Gross
$6,692
TRINITY - BETTENDORF
IA
Cash
$5,354
Gross
$6,692
UNITYPOINT HEALTH - MERITER
WI
Cash
$5,369
Gross
$6,711
ANIMAS SURGICAL HOSPITAL, LLC
CO
Cash
$5,377
Gross
CASTLEVIEW HOSPITAL
UT
Cash
$5,456
Gross
$9,921
WAYNE MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
GA
Cash
$5,592
Gross
$7,988
COPPER QUEEN COMMUNITY HOSPITAL
AZ
Cash
$5,597
Gross
$7,995
THE QUEENS MEDICAL CENTER
HI
Cash
$5,597
Gross
$7,995
JOHN H STROGER JR HOSPITAL
IL
Cash
$5,928
Gross
$8,469
PROVIDENT HOSPITAL OF CHICAGO
IL
Cash
$5,928
Gross
$8,469
SUNY/STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL
NY
Cash
$6,251
Gross
$6,251
WESTCHESTER MEDICAL CENTER
NY
Cash
$6,281
Gross
$37,281
METHODIST HOSPITALS INC
IN
Cash
$6,664
Gross
$9,520
ST TAMMANY PARISH HOSPITAL
LA
Cash
$6,855
Gross
$11,425
CARLE FOUNDATION HOSPITAL
IL
Cash
$7,099
Gross
$7,099
BROOKLYN HOSPITAL CENTER - DOWNTOWN CAMPUS
NY
Cash
$7,669
Gross
$7,669
UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL S U N Y HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER
NY
Cash
$7,777
Gross
$11,964
WESTSIDE REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
FL
Cash
$7,897
Gross
$9,291
KAISER SUNNYSIDE MEDICAL CENTER
OR
Cash
$7,897
Gross
$9,291
THOMAS HOSPITAL
AL
Cash
$7,984
Gross
$15,968
UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS SAMARITAN MEDICAL CENTER
OH
Cash
$8,455
Gross
$11,273
SAINT PETER'S UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL
NJ
Cash
$8,807
Gross
$13,880
RED BAY HOSPITAL
AL
Cash
$8,966
Gross
$16,010
SANTA CLARA VALLEY MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
$8,966
Gross
$16,010
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - WALNUT CREEK
CA
Cash
$8,966
Gross
$16,010
SUTTER MEDICAL CENTER, SACRAMENTO
CA
Cash
$8,966
Gross
$16,010
SUTTER ROSEVILLE MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
$8,966
Gross
$16,010
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - REDWOOD CITY
CA
Cash
$8,966
Gross
$16,010
FRESNO SURGICAL HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
$8,966
Gross
$16,010
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL MANTECA
CA
Cash
$8,966
Gross
$16,010
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - SAN LEANDRO
CA
Cash
$8,966
Gross
$16,010
MT SAN RAFAEL HOSPITAL
CO
Cash
$8,966
Gross
$16,010
SANTA ROSA MEDICAL CENTER
FL
Cash
$8,966
Gross
$16,010
COMMUNITY HOSPITAL SOUTH, INC.
IN
Cash
$8,966
Gross
$16,010
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL WESTSIDE
OR
Cash
$8,966
Gross
$16,010
PEACEHEALTH SOUTHWEST MEDICAL CENTER
WA
Cash
$9,240
Gross
$14,215
CARLE BROMENN MEDICAL CENTER
IL
Cash
$9,729
Gross
$9,729
CARLE EUREKA HOSPITAL
IL
Cash
$9,729
Gross
$9,729
THE HOSPITALS OF PROVIDENCE - MEMORIAL CAMPUS
TX
Cash
$10,341
Gross
$12,927
THE HOSPITALS OF PROVIDENCE HORIZON CITY CAMPUS
TX
Cash
$10,341
Gross
$12,927
METHODIST HOSPITAL UNION COUNTY
KY
Cash
$10,429
Gross
$16,045
BAPTIST NEIGHBORHOOD HOSPITAL THOUSAND OAKS
TX
Cash
$10,997
Gross
$13,746
WESTOVER HILLS BAPTIST HOSPITAL
TX
Cash
$10,997
Gross
$13,746
MAUI MEMORIAL MEDICAL CENTER
HI
Cash
$11,168
Gross
$28,635
COOPER UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL
NJ
Cash
$13,437
Gross
$13,437
LAKE CUMBERLAND REGIONAL HOSPITAL
KY
Cash
$14,494
Gross
$36,234
MARION GENERAL HOSPITAL
MS
Cash
$36,412
Gross
$60,686
THE EAST ALABAMA HEALTHCARE AUTHORITY
AL
Cash
Gross
THE EAST ALABAMA HEALTHCARE AUTHORITY
AL
Cash
Gross
ANDALUSIA HEALTH
AL
Cash
Gross
LAWRENCE MEDICAL CENTER
AL
Cash
Gross
LAWRENCE MEDICAL CENTER
AL
Cash
Gross
RUSSELL MEDICAL CENTER
AL
Cash
Gross
GROVE HILL MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
AL
Cash
Gross
VAUGHAN REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER PARKWAY CAMPUS
AL
Cash
Gross
EAMC - LANIER
AL
Cash
Gross
EAMC - LANIER
AL
Cash
Gross
J PAUL JONES HOSPITAL
AL
Cash
Gross
TANNER MEDICAL CENTER-EAST ALABAMA
AL
Cash
Gross
TANNER MEDICAL CENTER-EAST ALABAMA
AL
Cash
Gross
ALASKA REGIONAL HOSPITAL
AK
Cash
Gross
BANNER - UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER PHOENIX
AZ
Cash
Gross
TUCSON MEDICAL CENTER
AZ
Cash
Gross
ST JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL
AZ
Cash
Gross
YAVAPAI REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
AZ
Cash
Gross
HONOR HEALTH JOHN C. LINCOLN MEDICAL CENTER
AZ
Cash
Gross
ST JOSEPHS HOSPITAL AND MEDICAL CENTER
AZ
Cash
Gross
CHANDLER REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
AZ
Cash
Gross
HONORHEALTH TEMPE MEDICAL CENTER
AZ
Cash
Gross
HONORHEALTH SCOTTSDALE OSBORN MEDICAL CENTER
AZ
Cash
Gross
BANNER - UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER TUCSON CAMPUS
AZ
Cash
Gross
BANNER DESERT MEDICAL CENTER
AZ
Cash
Gross
HONORHEALTH SCOTTSDALE SHEA MEDICAL CENTER
AZ
Cash
Gross
HONORHEALTH DEER VALLEY MEDICAL CENTER
AZ
Cash
Gross
MERCY GILBERT MEDICAL CENTER
AZ
Cash
Gross
HONORHEALTH MOUNTAIN VISTA MEDICAL CENTER
AZ
Cash
Gross
BANNER GATEWAY MEDICAL CENTER
AZ
Cash
Gross
DIGNITY HEALTH - ARIZONA GENERAL HOSPITAL
AZ
Cash
Gross
HONORHEALTH SONORAN CROSSING MEDICAL CENTER
AZ
Cash
Gross
BENSON HOSPITAL
AZ
Cash
Gross
NORTHERN COCHISE COMMUNITY HOSPITAL, INC.
AZ
Cash
Gross
LAWRENCE MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
AR
Cash
Gross
LAWRENCE MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
AR
Cash
Gross
CHI ST VINCENT MORRILTON
AR
Cash
Gross
PENINSULA MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
Gross
CALIFORNIA PACIFIC MEDICAL CTR-DAVIES CAMPUS HOSP
CA
Cash
Gross
SUTTER AMADOR HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
Gross
MERCY GENERAL HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
Gross
BAKERSFIELD MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
Gross
LAC/OLIVE VIEW-UCLA MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
Gross
LAC/OLIVE VIEW-UCLA MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
Gross
ST ELIZABETH COMMUNITY HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
Gross
ALTA BATES SUMMIT MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
Gross
CALIFORNIA PACIFIC MEDICAL CENTER- VAN NESS CAMPUS
CA
Cash
Gross
CALIFORNIA PACIFIC MEDICAL CENTER - MISSION BERNAL
CA
Cash
Gross
GLENDALE MEM HOSPITAL & HLTH CENTER
CA
Cash
Gross
HOLLYWOOD PRESBYTERIAN MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
Gross
ST JOHNS REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
Gross
ST JOSEPH'S MEDICAL CENTER OF STOCKTON
CA
Cash
Gross
COMMUNITY HOSPITAL OF SAN BERNARDINO
CA
Cash
Gross
COMMUNITY HOSPITAL OF HUNTINGTON PARK
CA
Cash
Gross
SUTTER SOLANO MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
Gross
MARIAN REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
Gross
SANTA MONICA - UCLA MED CTR & ORTHOPAEDIC HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
Gross
NORTHRIDGE HOSPITAL MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
Gross
DOCTORS HOSPITAL OF MANTECA
CA
Cash
Gross
USC VERDUGO HILLS HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
Gross
USC VERDUGO HILLS HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
Gross
WOODLAND MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
Gross
ST BERNARDINE MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
Gross
NOVATO COMMUNITY HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
Gross
CALIFORNIA HOSPITAL MEDICAL CENTER LA
CA
Cash
Gross
SIERRA NEVADA MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
Gross
UCSF HEALTH SAINT FRANCIS HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
Gross
ST MARY MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
Gross
SEQUOIA HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
Gross
POMONA VALLEY HOSPITAL MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
Gross
FRENCH HOSPITAL MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
Gross
GLENDALE ADVENTIST MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
Gross
DOMINICAN HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
Gross
SIERRA VIEW MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
Gross
RONALD REAGAN UCLA MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
Gross
MERCY MEDICAL CENTER REDDING
CA
Cash
Gross
STANFORD HEALTH CARE TRI-VALLEY
CA
Cash
Gross
SUTTER SANTA ROSA REGIONAL HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
Gross
MERCY HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
Gross
ALTA BATES SUMMIT MEDICAL CENTER - ALTA BATES CAMP
CA
Cash
Gross
SUTTER TRACY COMMUNITY HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
Gross
NORTHBAY MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
Gross
LAC/HARBOR-UCLA MED CENTER
CA
Cash
Gross
MERCY HOSPITAL OF FOLSOM
CA
Cash
Gross
SUTTER COAST HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
Gross
STANFORD HEALTH CARE
CA
Cash
Gross
MERCY MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
Gross
UCSF HEALTH ST. MARY'S HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
Gross
MEMORIAL HOSPITAL OF GARDENA
CA
Cash
Gross
UCLA WEST VALLEY MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
Gross
MEMORIALCARE LONG BEACH MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
Gross
EDEN MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
Gross
CLOVIS COMMUNITY MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
Gross
SUTTER AUBURN FAITH HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
Gross
MERCY SAN JUAN MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
Gross
SUTTER DELTA MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
Gross
MEMORIAL HOSPITAL LOS BANOS
CA
Cash
Gross
SUTTER DAVIS HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
Gross
UCI HEALTH - LOS ALAMITOS
CA
Cash
Gross
MEMORIAL MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
Gross
UCI HEALTH - FOUNTAIN VALLEY
CA
Cash
Gross
UCI HEALTH-LAKEWOOD
CA
Cash
Gross
UCI HEALTH - PLACENTIA LINDA
CA
Cash
Gross
METHODIST HOSPITAL OF SACRAMENTO
CA
Cash
Gross
EMANATE HEALTH FOOTHILL PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
Gross
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
Gross
MEMORIALCARE SADDLEBACK MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
Gross
EAST LOS ANGELES DOCTORS HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
Gross
MEMORIALCARE ORANGE COAST MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
Gross
KECK HOSPITAL OF USC
CA
Cash
Gross
KECK HOSPITAL OF USC
CA
Cash
Gross
SUTTER MATERNITY & SURGERY CENTER OF SANTA CRUZ
CA
Cash
Gross
LAC/RANCHO LOS AMIGOS NATIONAL REHABILITATION CTR
CA
Cash
Gross
LAC/RANCHO LOS AMIGOS NATIONAL REHABILITATION CTR
CA
Cash
Gross
L A DOWNTOWN MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
Gross
L A DOWNTOWN MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
Gross
SUTTER SURGICAL HOSPITAL - NORTH VALLEY
CA
Cash
Gross
COAST PLAZA HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
Gross
TEMECULA VALLEY HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
Gross
$6,003
MERCY MEDICAL CENTER OF MT SHASTA
CA
Cash
Gross
SUTTER LAKESIDE HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
Gross
MARK TWAIN MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
Gross
UCSF BENIOFF CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL OAKLAND
CA
Cash
Gross
RADY CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL - SAN DIEGO
CA
Cash
Gross
CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL OF ORANGE COUNTY
CA
Cash
Gross
MEMORIAL CARE MILLER CHILDREN'S & WOMEN'S HOSP LB
CA
Cash
Gross
INTERMOUNTAIN HEALTH PLATTE VALLEY HOSPITAL
CO
Cash
Gross
SAN LUIS VALLEY REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
CO
Cash
Gross
HCA HEALTHONE PRESBYTERIAN ST LUKES
CO
Cash
Gross
CENTURA HEALTH-ST ANTHONY HOSPITAL
CO
Cash
Gross
BOULDER COMMUNITY HEALTH
CO
Cash
Gross
BANNER MCKEE MEDICAL CENTER
CO
Cash
Gross
CENTURA HEALTH-PENROSE ST FRANCIS HEALTH SERVICES
CO
Cash
Gross
ST ELIZABETH HOSPITAL
CO
Cash
Gross
UCHEALTH YAMPA VALLEY MEDICAL CENTER
CO
Cash
Gross
AdventHealth Porter
CO
Cash
Gross
ADVENTHEALTH AVISTA
CO
Cash
Gross
AdventHealth Littleton
CO
Cash
Gross
AdventHealth Parker
CO
Cash
Gross
ST ANTHONY SUMMIT MEDICAL CENTER
CO
Cash
Gross
ADVENTHEALTH CASTLE ROCK
CO
Cash
Gross
RIO GRANDE HOSPITAL
CO
Cash
Gross
MIDDLE PARK MEDICAL CENTER
CO
Cash
Gross
$2,385
UCHEALTH PIKES PEAK REGIONAL HOSPITAL
CO
Cash
Gross
ST FRANCIS HOSPITAL & MEDICAL CENTER
CT
Cash
Gross
JOHN DEMPSEY HOSPITAL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CONNECT
CT
Cash
Gross
BAYHEALTH MEDICAL CENTER, KENT CAMPUS
DE
Cash
Gross
BAYHEALTH HOSPITAL, SUSSEX CAMPUS
DE
Cash
Gross
ORLANDO HEALTH
FL
Cash
Gross
ADVENTHEALTH ORLANDO
FL
Cash
Gross
HCA FLORIDA CITRUS HOSPITAL
FL
Cash
Gross
ORLANDO HEALTH-HEALTH CENTRAL HOSPITAL
FL
Cash
Gross
ORLANDO HEALTH BAYFRONT HOSPITAL
FL
Cash
Gross
BROWARD HEALTH MEDICAL CENTER
FL
Cash
Gross
MEASE DUNEDIN HOSPITAL
FL
Cash
Gross
HCA FLORIDA HIGHLANDS HOSPITAL
FL
Cash
Gross
ORLANDO HEALTH SOUTH LAKE HOSPITAL
FL
Cash
Gross
WINTER HAVEN HOSPITAL
FL
Cash
Gross
HCA FLORIDA TWIN CITIES HOSPITAL
FL
Cash
Gross
ADVENTHEALTH NORTH PINELLAS
FL
Cash
Gross
MORTON PLANT NORTH BAY HOSPITAL
FL
Cash
Gross
HCA FLORIDA JFK HOSPITAL
FL
Cash
Gross
SARASOTA MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
FL
Cash
Gross
ORLANDO HEALTH ROCKLEDGE HOSPITAL
FL
Cash
Gross
ADVENTHEALTH LAKE WALES
FL
Cash
Gross
HCA FLORIDA LEHIGH REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
FL
Cash
Gross
HCA FLORIDA OSCEOLA HOSPITAL
FL
Cash
Gross
BARTOW REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
FL
Cash
Gross
MORTON PLANT HOSPITAL
FL
Cash
Gross
TAMPA GENERAL HOSPITAL
FL
Cash
Gross
HCA FLORIDA AVENTURA HOSPITAL
FL
Cash
Gross
SOUTH FLORIDA BAPTIST HOSPITAL
FL
Cash
Gross
HCA FLORIDA LAKE CITY HOSPITAL
FL
Cash
Gross
HCA FLORIDA SARASOTA DOCTORS HOSPITAL
FL
Cash
Gross
HCA FLORIDA MERCY HOSPITAL
FL
Cash
Gross
PALM BEACH GARDENS MEDICAL CENTER
FL
Cash
Gross
HCA FLORIDA MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
FL
Cash
Gross
HCA FLORIDA ST PETERSBURG HOSPITAL
FL
Cash
Gross
HCA FLORIDA NORTHWEST HOSPITAL
FL
Cash
Gross
HCA FLORIDA TRINITY HOSPITAL
FL
Cash
Gross
HCA FLORIDA NORTH FLORIDA HOSPITAL
FL
Cash
Gross
HCA FLORIDA SOUTH TAMPA HOSPITAL
FL
Cash
Gross
HCA FLORIDA KENDALL HOSPITAL
FL
Cash
Gross
HCA FLORIDA BLAKE HOSPITAL
FL
Cash
Gross
ORLANDO HEALTH SEBASTIAN RIVER HOSPITAL
FL
Cash
Gross
HCA FLORIDA FORT WALTON-DESTIN HOSPITAL
FL
Cash
Gross
HCA FLORIDA ORANGE PARK HOSPITAL
FL
Cash
Gross
HCA FLORIDA WEST HOSPITAL
FL
Cash
Gross
HCA FLORIDA PUTNAM HOSPITAL
FL
Cash
Gross
HCA FLORIDA FAWCETT HOSPITAL
FL
Cash
Gross
HCA FLORIDA NORTHSIDE HOSPITAL
FL
Cash
Gross
HCA FLORIDA GULF COAST HOSPITAL
FL
Cash
Gross
HCA FLORIDA BRANDON HOSPITAL
FL
Cash
Gross
HCA FLORIDA LAWNWOOD HOSPITAL
FL
Cash
Gross
HCA FLORIDA LARGO HOSPITAL
FL
Cash
Gross
HCA FLORIDA RAULERSON HOSPITAL
FL
Cash
Gross
HCA FLORIDA CAPITAL HOSPITAL
FL
Cash
Gross
HCA FLORIDA BAYONET POINT HOSPITAL
FL
Cash
Gross
DELRAY MEDICAL CENTER
FL
Cash
Gross
HCA FLORIDA SOUTH SHORE HOSPITAL
FL
Cash
Gross
HCA FLORIDA OAK HILL HOSPITAL
FL
Cash
Gross
MEASE COUNTRYSIDE HOSPITAL
FL
Cash
Gross
HCA FLORIDA ENGLEWOOD HOSPITAL
FL
Cash
Gross
WEST BOCA MEDICAL CENTER
FL
Cash
Gross
HCA FLORIDA PALMS WEST HOSPITAL
FL
Cash
Gross
ST MARY'S MEDICAL CENTER
FL
Cash
Gross
ST MARY'S MEDICAL CENTER
FL
Cash
Gross
ORLANDO HEALTH MELBOURNE HOSPITAL
FL
Cash
Gross

Data straight from each hospital's federally-mandated machine-readable file (45 CFR § 180). Prices reflect what the hospital published; what you actually pay depends on your specific plan, deductible, and other factors. "Cash price" is the discounted self-pay rate hospitals are required to publish for uninsured patients.