CPT 11302 · 1,235 hospitals reporting

Prof fee-shave skin grow 1.1 to 2 cm sin

The same procedure costs $52 at one hospital and $3,983 at another — a 77× spread for what's billed under the same code. Median: $231.

Cheapest published
$52
16 entries below $50 already filtered. Remaining low values usually reflect partial-cost line items (professional fee only), not full bills.
Median across 1,235 hospitals
$231
The realistic middle of the cash-price distribution. Use this as your benchmark.
Most expensive
$3,983
Highest published price. Often a gross-charge "list price" rarely actually paid.

Price distribution

446 hospitals · log-scale x-axis
Cash price distributionmedian $231$100$1KHOSPITALS →

Each bar = number of hospitals charging in that price range. Emerald bar contains the median. Amber dots = entries we flagged as likely partial-cost line items (excluded from the table below).

Why some prices look unrealistically low or high

Hospitals publish their machine-readable files (MRFs) the way they choose. A single procedure code can appear with very different prices depending on what's being charged:

  • Global price — facility + implant + anesthesia + surgeon. This is what you'd actually be billed.
  • Professional fee only — surgeon's portion. Often $500–$2,500 for a major procedure that costs $20K+ globally.
  • Facility fee only — operating room and recovery, no implant or surgeon.
  • Per-unit / per-minute charges — e.g. anesthesia time billed at $0.68/min appearing under a CPT code.
  • Rate multipliers — values like 0.85 meaning "85% of Medicare" rather than dollars.

We filter the most obvious artifacts (under $50, or 25× above the median), but rows in the $500–$2K range for a major procedure are typically professional-only and we can't always tell. Use the median and high-end as the realistic range; treat very low rows as partial-cost line items, not full bills.

500 hospitals reporting
UNITED MEDICAL CENTER
DC
Cash
$231
Gross
$462
UNITED HOSPITAL CENTER, INC
WV
Cash
$231
Gross
$462
CAMDEN CLARK MEDICAL CENTER
WV
Cash
$231
Gross
$462
SISTERSVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL
WV
Cash
$231
Gross
$462
SUMMERSVILLE REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
WV
Cash
$231
Gross
$462
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - SOUTH SAN FRANCISCO
CA
Cash
$231
Gross
$660
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL-SANTA CLARA
CA
Cash
$231
Gross
$660
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL AND REHAB CENTER
CA
Cash
$231
Gross
$660
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - OAKLAND/RICHMOND
CA
Cash
$231
Gross
$660
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - SAN FRANCISCO
CA
Cash
$231
Gross
$660
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - SACRAMENTO
CA
Cash
$231
Gross
$660
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
$231
Gross
$660
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - FREMONT
CA
Cash
$231
Gross
$660
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL-SAN JOSE
CA
Cash
$231
Gross
$660
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSP SO SACRAMENTO
CA
Cash
$231
Gross
$660
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL-SANTA ROSA
CA
Cash
$231
Gross
$660
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - FRESNO
CA
Cash
$231
Gross
$660
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - ANTIOCH
CA
Cash
$231
Gross
$660
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - VACAVILLE
CA
Cash
$231
Gross
$660
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - ROSEVILLE
CA
Cash
$231
Gross
$660
HOULTON REGIONAL HOSPITAL
ME
Cash
$232
Gross
$244
SPENCER MUNICIPAL HOSPITAL
IA
Cash
$233
Gross
$310
JEFFERSON EINSTEIN PHILADELPHIA HOSPITAL
PA
Cash
$233
Gross
—
JEFFERSON EINSTEIN MONTGOMERY HOSPITAL
PA
Cash
$233
Gross
—
SAUNDERS MEDICAL CENTER
NE
Cash
$229
Gross
$305
RUSSELL REGIONAL HOSPITAL
KS
Cash
$234
Gross
$275
WAYNE MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
PA
Cash
$235
Gross
$293
RINGGOLD COUNTY HOSPITAL
IA
Cash
$226
Gross
$251
USC ARCADIA HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
$226
Gross
$645
FRENCH HOSPITAL MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
$236
Gross
$603
FRENCH HOSPITAL MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
$236
Gross
$603
SANFORD CANBY MEDICAL CENTER
MN
Cash
$226
Gross
$282
WETZEL COUNTY HOSPITAL
WV
Cash
$226
Gross
$451
STEVENS COMMUNITY MEDICAL CENTER
MN
Cash
$237
Gross
$316
CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL COLORADO
CO
Cash
$224
Gross
$345
CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL COLORADO - COLORADO SPRINGS
CO
Cash
$224
Gross
$345
SIDNEY HEALTH CENTER
MT
Cash
$240
Gross
$388
SIDNEY HEALTH CENTER
MT
Cash
$240
Gross
$388
MERCY HOSPITAL OF FOLSOM
CA
Cash
$242
Gross
$622
MERCY HOSPITAL OF FOLSOM
CA
Cash
$242
Gross
$622
HAWARDEN REGIONAL HEALTHCARE
IA
Cash
$220
Gross
$259
BURKE MEDICAL CENTER
GA
Cash
$242
Gross
$340
GREENE COUNTY HOSPITAL
AL
Cash
$242
Gross
$433
GREENE COUNTY MEDICAL CENTER
IA
Cash
$242
Gross
$433
ROME MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, INC
NY
Cash
$219
Gross
$542
COOK CHILDRENS MEDICAL CENTER PROSPER
TX
Cash
$217
Gross
$289
WETZEL COUNTY HOSPITAL
WV
Cash
$215
Gross
$430
MUNSON HEALTHCARE GRAYLING HOSPITAL
MI
Cash
$247
Gross
$291
MUNSON HEALTHCARE CADILLAC HOSPITAL
MI
Cash
$247
Gross
$291
NORTH CANYON MEDICAL CENTER
ID
Cash
$214
Gross
$268
UNM HOSPITAL
NM
Cash
$212
Gross
$386
SAUK PRAIRIE HOSPITAL
WI
Cash
$250
Gross
$457
MONTEFIORE ST LUKE'S CORNWALL
NY
Cash
$250
Gross
—
SCHNECK MEDICAL CENTER
IN
Cash
$210
Gross
—
REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
IA
Cash
$254
Gross
$317
METRO NASHVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL
TN
Cash
$254
Gross
$423
SIOUX CENTER HEALTH
IA
Cash
$208
Gross
$214
SEQUOYAH COUNTY-CITY OF SALLISAW HOSPITAL AUTHORIT
OK
Cash
$255
Gross
$340
WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS, INC
WV
Cash
$257
Gross
$513
YAVAPAI REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
AZ
Cash
$205
Gross
$276
SLEEPY EYE MEDICAL CENTER
MN
Cash
$258
Gross
$407
RIVER'S EDGE HOSPITAL & CLINIC
MN
Cash
$258
Gross
$322
MARIAN REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
$258
Gross
$603
MARIAN REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
$258
Gross
$603
ATRIUM HEALTH FLOYD MEDICAL CENTER
GA
Cash
$259
Gross
$517
LOGAN HEALTH - CHESTER
MT
Cash
$260
Gross
—
VIRGINIA MASON MEDICAL CENTER
WA
Cash
$260
Gross
$510
FRANKLIN HOSPITAL
IL
Cash
$202
Gross
$269
USA HEALTH UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL
AL
Cash
$261
Gross
$728
THE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL
NJ
Cash
$261
Gross
$728
UNIVERSITY HEALTH SYSTEM, INC
TN
Cash
$261
Gross
$728
NORTHRIDGE HOSPITAL MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
$201
Gross
$721
NORTHRIDGE HOSPITAL MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
$201
Gross
$721
BAKERSFIELD MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
$200
Gross
$546
BAKERSFIELD MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
$200
Gross
$546
COMANCHE COUNTY HOSPITAL
KS
Cash
$200
Gross
$200
COMANCHE COUNTY MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
OK
Cash
$200
Gross
$200
TEXAS SCOTTISH RITE HOSPITAL FOR CHILDREN
TX
Cash
$200
Gross
$200
DEACONESS HOSPITAL INC
IN
Cash
$262
Gross
$328
OCHSNER WATKINS HOSPITAL
MS
Cash
$263
Gross
$392
CODY REGIONAL HEALTH
WY
Cash
$264
Gross
$310
ISLAND HOSPITAL
WA
Cash
$197
Gross
$197
JOHNSON COUNTY HEALTHCARE CENTER
WY
Cash
$266
Gross
$266
STORY COUNTY HOSPITAL
IA
Cash
$195
Gross
$244
D W MCMILLAN MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
AL
Cash
$195
Gross
$325
ATMORE COMMUNITY HOSPITAL
AL
Cash
$195
Gross
$325
WHIDBEYHEALTH MEDICAL CENTER
WA
Cash
$267
Gross
$267
FIELD HEALTH SYSTEM
MS
Cash
$268
Gross
$357
FROEDTERT SOUTH INC.
WI
Cash
$268
Gross
$487
COMMUNITY MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
WI
Cash
$268
Gross
$487
FROEDTERT MEMORIAL LUTHERAN HOSPITAL
WI
Cash
$268
Gross
$487
MANNING REGIONAL HEALTHCARE CENTER
IA
Cash
$194
Gross
$273
RINGGOLD COUNTY HOSPITAL
IA
Cash
$193
Gross
$214
POTOMAC VALLEY HOSPITAL
WV
Cash
$193
Gross
$385
DALLAS COUNTY MEDICAL CENTER
AR
Cash
$192
Gross
$296
DELTA MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
AR
Cash
$271
Gross
$338
JACOBSON MEMORIAL HOSPITAL CARE CENTER
ND
Cash
$271
Gross
$361
OCHSNER STENNIS MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
MS
Cash
$271
Gross
$392
BARNES-KASSON COUNTY HOSPITAL
PA
Cash
$272
Gross
$389
MUNSON HEALTHCARE OTSEGO MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
MI
Cash
$273
Gross
$321
DESOTO REGIONAL HEALTH SYSTEM
LA
Cash
$189
Gross
$270
CATALINA ISLAND MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
$274
Gross
$391
COSHOCTON REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
OH
Cash
$188
Gross
$507
FIRST CARE HEALTH CENTER
ND
Cash
$187
Gross
$187
FIRST CARE HEALTH CENTER
ND
Cash
$187
Gross
$187
BOZEMAN HEALTH DEACONESS HOSPITAL
MT
Cash
$275
Gross
$344
BOZEMAN HEALTH BIG SKY MEDICAL CENTER
MT
Cash
$275
Gross
$344
VALLEY VIEW HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION
CO
Cash
$276
Gross
$307
CHEROKEE REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
IA
Cash
$276
Gross
$307
FLUSHING HOSPITAL MEDICAL CENTER
NY
Cash
$185
Gross
$185
DAVIS MEDICAL CENTER
WV
Cash
$185
Gross
$264
BROADDUS HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION, INC
WV
Cash
$185
Gross
$264
WEBSTER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
WV
Cash
$185
Gross
$264
WASHINGTON REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
AR
Cash
$182
Gross
$242
CHESAPEAKE GENERAL HOSPITAL
VA
Cash
$180
Gross
$300
METHODIST HOSPITAL OF SACRAMENTO
CA
Cash
$179
Gross
$622
METHODIST HOSPITAL OF SACRAMENTO
CA
Cash
$179
Gross
$622
REYNOLDS MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
WV
Cash
$285
Gross
$570
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - PANORAMA CITY
CA
Cash
$286
Gross
$816
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - LOS ANGELES
CA
Cash
$286
Gross
$816
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - DOWNEY
CA
Cash
$286
Gross
$816
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL FONTANA/ONTARIO
CA
Cash
$286
Gross
$816
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - SAN DIEGO
CA
Cash
$286
Gross
$816
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - WEST LA
CA
Cash
$286
Gross
$816
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - WOODLAND HILLS
CA
Cash
$286
Gross
$816
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL, RIVERSIDE
CA
Cash
$286
Gross
$816
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - BALDWIN PARK
CA
Cash
$286
Gross
$816
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL-MORENO VALLEY
CA
Cash
$286
Gross
$816
HILTON HEAD REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
SC
Cash
$176
Gross
—
EAST COOPER MEDICAL CENTER
SC
Cash
$176
Gross
—
COASTAL CAROLINA HOSPITAL
SC
Cash
$176
Gross
—
MCKENZIE HEALTH SYSTEM
MI
Cash
$176
Gross
$220
MID VALLEY HOSPITAL & CLINIC
WA
Cash
$175
Gross
$250
GRINNELL REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
IA
Cash
$175
Gross
$218
SOUTHWESTERN VERMONT MEDICAL CENTER
VT
Cash
$174
Gross
$249
JEFFERSON HEALTHCARE
WA
Cash
$289
Gross
—
ALTRU HOSPITAL
ND
Cash
$173
Gross
$283
SURGICAL INSTITUTE OF READING
PA
Cash
$289
Gross
$867
MERCY MEDICAL CENTER REDDING
CA
Cash
$290
Gross
$571
MERCY MEDICAL CENTER REDDING
CA
Cash
$290
Gross
$571
GARFIELD COUNTY PUBLIC HOSPITAL DISTRICT #1
WA
Cash
$291
Gross
$364
CASCADE MEDICAL CENTER
WA
Cash
$291
Gross
$364
WOODLAND MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
$170
Gross
$622
WOODLAND MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
$170
Gross
$622
MERCY SAN JUAN MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
$170
Gross
$622
MERCY SAN JUAN MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
$170
Gross
$622
CHEYENNE REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
WY
Cash
$292
Gross
$417
BROADLAWNS MEDICAL CENTER
IA
Cash
$170
Gross
$170
PALMDALE REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
$292
Gross
$730
UH REGIONAL HOSPITALS
OH
Cash
$293
Gross
$390
UH ST JOHN MEDICAL CENTER
OH
Cash
$293
Gross
$390
UH CLEVELAND MEDICAL CENTER
OH
Cash
$293
Gross
$390
UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS - ELYRIA MEDICAL CENTER
OH
Cash
$293
Gross
$390
UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS AHUJA MEDICAL CENTER
OH
Cash
$293
Gross
$390
RAINBOW BABIES AND CHILDRENS HOSPITAL
OH
Cash
$293
Gross
$390
THOMAS HOSPITAL
AL
Cash
$293
Gross
$586
SIOUX CENTER HEALTH
IA
Cash
$169
Gross
$174
SIOUX CENTER HEALTH
IA
Cash
$169
Gross
$174
JACKSON GENERAL HOSPITAL
WV
Cash
$167
Gross
$333
GROVE HILL MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
AL
Cash
$166
Gross
$277
CHAMPLAIN VALLEY PHYSICIANS HOSPITAL MEDICAL CTR
NY
Cash
$296
Gross
$296
SPRINGHILL MEDICAL CENTER
LA
Cash
$164
Gross
$483
OCHSNER CHOCTAW GENERAL
AL
Cash
$298
Gross
$392
ASHLEY MEDICAL CENTER
ND
Cash
$163
Gross
$163
ASHLEY MEDICAL CENTER
ND
Cash
$300
Gross
$300
EDGERTON HOSPITAL AND HEALTH SERVICES
WI
Cash
$300
Gross
$411
UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL S U N Y HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER
NY
Cash
$161
Gross
$248
HOLY FAMILY MEMORIAL
WI
Cash
$301
Gross
—
WILLS MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
GA
Cash
$302
Gross
$402
SILVER CROSS HOSPITAL AND MEDICAL CENTERS
IL
Cash
$303
Gross
$792
SILVER CROSS HOSPITAL AND MEDICAL CENTERS
IL
Cash
$303
Gross
$792
OAKLEAF SURGICAL HOSPITAL
WI
Cash
$158
Gross
$175
DAVIS MEDICAL CENTER
WV
Cash
$158
Gross
$225
BROADDUS HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION, INC
WV
Cash
$158
Gross
$225
WEBSTER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
WV
Cash
$158
Gross
$225
MISSOURI DELTA MEDICAL CENTER
MO
Cash
$157
Gross
$628
KEEFE MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
CO
Cash
$156
Gross
$156
POCAHONTAS COMMUNITY HOSPITAL
IA
Cash
$156
Gross
$173
RANGE REGIONAL HEALTH SERVICES
MN
Cash
$155
Gross
$365
GRAND ITASCA CLINIC AND HOSPITAL
MN
Cash
$155
Gross
$365
BEAR VALLEY COMMUNITY HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
$155
Gross
$222
BUCKTAIL MEDICAL CENTER
PA
Cash
$308
Gross
$342
MOSAIC LIFE CARE AT ST JOSEPH
MO
Cash
$154
Gross
$181
MOSAIC MEDICAL CENTER ALBANY
MO
Cash
$154
Gross
$181
MOSAIC MEDICAL CENTER - MARYVILLE
MO
Cash
$154
Gross
$181
JOHNSON MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
MN
Cash
$310
Gross
$364
DOMINICAN HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
$310
Gross
$688
DOMINICAN HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
$310
Gross
$688
SAINT ROSE DOMINICAN HOSPITALS - SAN MARTIN CAMPUS
NV
Cash
$152
Gross
$743
SAINT ROSE DOMINICAN HOSPITALS - SAN MARTIN CAMPUS
NV
Cash
$152
Gross
$743
NORTHERN INYO HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
$310
Gross
—
FRIEND COMMUNITY HEALTHCARE SYSTEM
NE
Cash
$313
Gross
$521
ACADIA ST LANDRY
LA
Cash
$149
Gross
$199
OCHSNER SCOTT REGIONAL
MS
Cash
$147
Gross
$233
MADISON REGIONAL HEALTH SYSTEM
SD
Cash
$317
Gross
$352
MIZELL MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
AL
Cash
$145
Gross
$161
ST ELIZABETH HOSPITAL
WA
Cash
$144
Gross
$474
ST ELIZABETH HOSPITAL
WA
Cash
$144
Gross
$474
MOUNTAIN VIEW HOSPITAL
ID
Cash
$144
Gross
$205
IDAHO FALLS COMMUNITY HOSPITAL, LLC
ID
Cash
$144
Gross
$205
REDINGTON FAIRVIEW GENERAL HOSPITAL
ME
Cash
$143
Gross
$190
OCHSNER LAIRD HOSPITAL
MS
Cash
$142
Gross
$233
ADVENTHEALTH WATERMAN
FL
Cash
$142
Gross
$424
ADVENTHEALTH SHAWNEE MISSION
KS
Cash
$142
Gross
$424
ADVENTHEALTH CENTRAL TEXAS
TX
Cash
$142
Gross
$424
ADVENTHEALTH ROLLINS BROOK
TX
Cash
$142
Gross
$424
HIGH POINT REGIONAL HEALTH SYSTEM
NC
Cash
$141
Gross
$282
NORTH CAROLINA BAPTIST HOSPITAL
NC
Cash
$141
Gross
$282
MARK TWAIN MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
$141
Gross
$211
MARK TWAIN MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
$141
Gross
$211
F W HUSTON MEDICAL CENTER
KS
Cash
$140
Gross
$175
AMBERWELL ATCHISON ASSOCIATION
KS
Cash
$140
Gross
$200
ST JOSEPH'S MEDICAL CENTER OF STOCKTON
CA
Cash
$323
Gross
$1,098
ST JOSEPH'S MEDICAL CENTER OF STOCKTON
CA
Cash
$323
Gross
$1,098
BAPTIST HEALTH DEACONESS MADISONVILLE
KY
Cash
$137
Gross
$291
ST CLARE HOSPITAL
WA
Cash
$137
Gross
$474
ST CLARE HOSPITAL
WA
Cash
$137
Gross
$474
EMANUEL MEDICAL CENTER
GA
Cash
$136
Gross
$340
DLP SWAIN COUNTY HOSPITAL LLC
NC
Cash
$136
Gross
$340
MOSAIC LIFE CARE AT ST JOSEPH
MO
Cash
$136
Gross
$160
COMMUNITY HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION
MO
Cash
$136
Gross
$136
SUMMIT SURGICAL, LLC
KS
Cash
$134
Gross
$168
DEACONESS ILLINOIS CROSSROADS
IL
Cash
$134
Gross
$383
TOUCHETTE REGIONAL HOSPITAL INC
IL
Cash
$131
Gross
$212
OKEENE MUNICIPAL HOSPITAL
OK
Cash
$130
Gross
$162
FRANKLIN HOSPITAL
IL
Cash
$333
Gross
$444
ST ELIZABETH COMMUNITY HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
$334
Gross
$572
ST ELIZABETH COMMUNITY HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
$334
Gross
$572
ST ELIZABETH HOSPITAL
CO
Cash
$334
Gross
$572
ST ELIZABETH HOSPITAL
CO
Cash
$334
Gross
$572
LALLIE KEMP MEDICAL CENTER
LA
Cash
$127
Gross
$212
CHI HEALTH MERCY COUNCIL BLUFFS
IA
Cash
$126
Gross
$299
CHI HEALTH MERCY COUNCIL BLUFFS
IA
Cash
$126
Gross
$299
CHI HEALTH BERGAN MERCY
NE
Cash
$126
Gross
$299
CHI HEALTH BERGAN MERCY
NE
Cash
$126
Gross
$299
CHI HEALTH IMMANUEL
NE
Cash
$126
Gross
$299
CHI HEALTH IMMANUEL
NE
Cash
$126
Gross
$299
CHI HEALTH MIDLANDS
NE
Cash
$126
Gross
$299
CHI HEALTH MIDLANDS
NE
Cash
$126
Gross
$299
CHI HEALTH LAKESIDE
NE
Cash
$126
Gross
$299
CHI HEALTH LAKESIDE
NE
Cash
$126
Gross
$299
POINTE COUPEE GENERAL HOSPITAL
LA
Cash
$125
Gross
$139
CLARKE COUNTY HOSPITAL
IA
Cash
$124
Gross
$124
JACKSON COUNTY REGIONAL HEALTH CENTER
IA
Cash
$338
Gross
$338
SHARE MEDICAL CENTER
OK
Cash
$124
Gross
$190
CHI ST ALEXIUS HEALTH
ND
Cash
$122
Gross
$239
CHI ST ALEXIUS HEALTH
ND
Cash
$122
Gross
$239
ST LUKES HOSPITAL
MN
Cash
$121
Gross
$217
WAYNE MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
GA
Cash
$342
Gross
$489
PRINCETON BAPTIST MEDICAL CENTER
AL
Cash
$119
Gross
$238
TRINITY ROCK ISLAND
IL
Cash
$345
Gross
$431
UNITYPOINT HEALTH - MARSHALLTOWN
IA
Cash
$345
Gross
$431
TRINITY MUSCATINE
IA
Cash
$345
Gross
$431
TRINITY REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
IA
Cash
$345
Gross
$431
ST LUKES HOSPITAL
IA
Cash
$345
Gross
$431
UNITYPOINT HEALTH - DES MOINES IOWA METHODIST MEDI
IA
Cash
$345
Gross
$431
TRINITY - BETTENDORF
IA
Cash
$345
Gross
$431
ALLEN HOSPITAL
IA
Cash
$345
Gross
$431
FINLEY HOSPITAL
IA
Cash
$345
Gross
$431
ST LUKES REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
IA
Cash
$345
Gross
$431
GRINNELL REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
IA
Cash
$345
Gross
$431
GRUNDY COUNTY MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
IA
Cash
$345
Gross
$431
JONES REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
IA
Cash
$345
Gross
$431
CALIFORNIA HOSPITAL MEDICAL CENTER LA
CA
Cash
$346
Gross
$714
CALIFORNIA HOSPITAL MEDICAL CENTER LA
CA
Cash
$346
Gross
$714
CONEMAUGH MEMORIAL MEDICAL CENTER
PA
Cash
$349
Gross
$872
UNITYPOINT HEALTH - MERITER
WI
Cash
$113
Gross
$141
LAKE MARTIN COMMUNITY HOSPITAL
AL
Cash
$113
Gross
$150
HUGGINS HOSPITAL
NH
Cash
$112
Gross
$224
MARION GENERAL HOSPITAL
MS
Cash
$110
Gross
$183
MARION GENERAL HOSPITAL
MS
Cash
$110
Gross
$183
COMMUNITY MEMORIAL HOSPITAL MEDICAL CENTER
IA
Cash
$110
Gross
$137
ANIMAS SURGICAL HOSPITAL, LLC
CO
Cash
$353
Gross
—
MIDDLESBORO ARH HOSPITAL
KY
Cash
$108
Gross
$180
UPHS MARQUETTE DLP HOSPITAL
MI
Cash
$108
Gross
$290
NORTHEASTERN VERMONT REGIONAL HOSPITAL
VT
Cash
$108
Gross
$144
BECKLEY ARH HOSPITAL
WV
Cash
$108
Gross
$180
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HEALTH-SPARROW CARSON
MI
Cash
$107
Gross
$214
EATON RAPIDS MEDICAL CENTER
MI
Cash
$107
Gross
$214
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HEALTH - SPARROW EATON
MI
Cash
$107
Gross
$214
SIERRA NEVADA MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
$356
Gross
$653
SIERRA NEVADA MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
$356
Gross
$653
MONROE HOSPITAL
IN
Cash
$356
Gross
$356
SCHOOLCRAFT MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
MI
Cash
$356
Gross
$445
HASKELL REGIONAL HOSPITAL, INC
OK
Cash
$356
Gross
$356
LIFECARE MEDICAL CENTER
MN
Cash
$356
Gross
$405
TWIN CITY MEDICAL CENTER
OH
Cash
$105
Gross
$150
HENRY COUNTY HOSPITAL, INC
OH
Cash
$105
Gross
$140
JOHN H STROGER JR HOSPITAL
IL
Cash
$359
Gross
$513
PROVIDENT HOSPITAL OF CHICAGO
IL
Cash
$359
Gross
$513
WHEELING HOSPITAL, INC
WV
Cash
$103
Gross
$205
ADVENTHEALTH FISH MEMORIAL
FL
Cash
$101
Gross
$184
ADVENTHEALTH DELAND
FL
Cash
$101
Gross
$184
BRISTOL HOSPITAL
CT
Cash
$101
Gross
$674
JOHNSON MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
IN
Cash
$101
Gross
$674
RUSSELL COUNTY HOSPITAL
KY
Cash
$101
Gross
$674
JOHNSTON HEALTH
NC
Cash
$101
Gross
$674
WELLMONT BRISTOL REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
TN
Cash
$101
Gross
$674
WELLMONT HOLSTON VALLEY MEDICAL CENTER
TN
Cash
$101
Gross
$674
SYCAMORE SHOALS HOSPITAL
TN
Cash
$101
Gross
$674
HAWKINS COUNTY MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
TN
Cash
$101
Gross
$674
GREENEVILLE COMMUNITY HOSPITAL
TN
Cash
$101
Gross
$674
JOHNSON CITY MEDICAL CENTER
TN
Cash
$101
Gross
$674
INDIAN PATH COMMUNITY HOSPITAL
TN
Cash
$101
Gross
$674
FRANKLIN WOODS COMMUNITY HOSPITAL
TN
Cash
$101
Gross
$674
HANCOCK COUNTY HOSPITAL
TN
Cash
$101
Gross
$674
RUSSELL COUNTY HOSPITAL
VA
Cash
$101
Gross
$674
SMYTH COUNTY COMMUNITY HOSPITAL
VA
Cash
$101
Gross
$674
JOHNSTON MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
VA
Cash
$101
Gross
$674
LONESOME PINE HOSPITAL
VA
Cash
$101
Gross
$674
AdventHealth Palm Coast
FL
Cash
$101
Gross
$184
CHI HEALTH - MERCY CORNING
IA
Cash
$362
Gross
$754
CHI HEALTH - MERCY CORNING
IA
Cash
$362
Gross
$754
KEEFE MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
CO
Cash
$362
Gross
$362
WEIRTON MEDICAL CENTER, INC
WV
Cash
$99.5
Gross
$199
HANCOCK COUNTY HEALTH SYSTEM
IA
Cash
$99.36
Gross
$432
HOSPITAL FOR SPECIAL SURGERY
NY
Cash
$363
Gross
$363
ST ANTHONY REGIONAL HOSPITAL & NURSING HOME
IA
Cash
$98
Gross
$560
ST ANTHONY REGIONAL HOSPITAL & NURSING HOME
IA
Cash
$98
Gross
$560
BURLESON ST JOSEPH HEALTH CENTER
TX
Cash
$98
Gross
$560
BURLESON ST JOSEPH HEALTH CENTER
TX
Cash
$98
Gross
$560
MADISON ST JOSEPH HEALTH CENTER
TX
Cash
$98
Gross
$560
MADISON ST JOSEPH HEALTH CENTER
TX
Cash
$98
Gross
$560
GRIMES ST JOSEPH HEALTH CENTER
TX
Cash
$98
Gross
$560
GRIMES ST JOSEPH HEALTH CENTER
TX
Cash
$98
Gross
$560
YALE-NEW HAVEN HOSPITAL
CT
Cash
$95.63
Gross
$162
COMMUNITY MEMORIAL HOSPITAL MEDICAL CENTER
IA
Cash
$95.28
Gross
$119
ELLIS HOSPITAL
NY
Cash
$94.5
Gross
$189
ELLIS HOSPITAL
NY
Cash
$94.5
Gross
$189
DAHL MEMORIAL HEALTHCARE ASSOCIATION INC
MT
Cash
$368
Gross
$368
CHI HEALTH MISSOURI VALLEY
IA
Cash
$369
Gross
$754
CHI HEALTH MISSOURI VALLEY
IA
Cash
$369
Gross
$754
JOHN H STROGER JR HOSPITAL
IL
Cash
$92.4
Gross
$132
PROVIDENT HOSPITAL OF CHICAGO
IL
Cash
$92.4
Gross
$132
MEDICAL WEST, AN AFFILIATE OF UAB HEALTH SYSTEM
AL
Cash
$88.69
Gross
$355
TALLAHATCHIE GENERAL HOSPITAL-CAH
MS
Cash
$85
Gross
$85
GREENWICH HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION -
CT
Cash
$84.28
Gross
$162
LINDSAY MUNICIPAL HOSPITAL
OK
Cash
$84.22
Gross
$84.22
BRIDGEPORT HOSPITAL
CT
Cash
$82.66
Gross
$162
OCHSNER RUSH HOSPITAL
MS
Cash
$81.55
Gross
$233
ST JOSEPHS AREA HEALTH SERVICES
MN
Cash
$80.47
Gross
$130
SOUTH CENTRAL REG MED CTR
MS
Cash
$79.8
Gross
$190
SOUTH CENTRAL HEALTH
ND
Cash
$79.8
Gross
$190
JENNIE STUART MEDICAL CENTER
KY
Cash
$76.26
Gross
$246
HUGGINS HOSPITAL
NH
Cash
$74.5
Gross
$149
HEART OF AMERICA MEDICAL CENTER
ND
Cash
$389
Gross
$518
UNM HOSPITAL
NM
Cash
$73.15
Gross
$133
CHI ST JOSEPH HEALTH REGIONAL HOSPITAL
TX
Cash
$69.65
Gross
$199
LASALLE GENERAL HOSPITAL
LA
Cash
$67.2
Gross
$112
MORRIS HOSPITAL & HEALTHCARE CENTERS
IL
Cash
$67.13
Gross
$279
POTOMAC VALLEY HOSPITAL
WV
Cash
$64.5
Gross
$129
COLQUITT REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
GA
Cash
$399
Gross
$399
JACKSON COUNTY MEMORIAL HOSPITAL AUTHORITY
OK
Cash
$399
Gross
$399
JACKSON GENERAL HOSPITAL
WV
Cash
$62
Gross
$124
ADAMS COUNTY REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
OH
Cash
$61.6
Gross
$77
CHI ST ALEXIUS HEALTH DICKINSON
ND
Cash
$60.48
Gross
$96
CHI ST ALEXIUS HEALTH DICKINSON
ND
Cash
$60.48
Gross
$96
GUTHRIE COUNTY HOSPITAL
IA
Cash
$402
Gross
$402
BARNESVILLE HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION, INC
OH
Cash
$59.5
Gross
$119
BERKELEY MEDICAL CENTER
WV
Cash
$59.5
Gross
$119
RUSSELL MEDICAL CENTER
AL
Cash
$56.88
Gross
$158
GOSHEN HOSPITAL
IN
Cash
$405
Gross
$579
GOSHEN HOSPITAL
IN
Cash
$405
Gross
$579
CHI ST ALEXIUS HEALTH WILLISTON
ND
Cash
$55.68
Gross
$96
CHI ST ALEXIUS HEALTH WILLISTON
ND
Cash
$55.68
Gross
$96
BRAXTON COUNTY MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, INC
WV
Cash
$55
Gross
$110
STORY COUNTY HOSPITAL
IA
Cash
$52
Gross
$65
STORY COUNTY HOSPITAL
IA
Cash
$52
Gross
$65
GLENCOE REGIONAL HEALTH
MN
Cash
$412
Gross
$412
WARD MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
TX
Cash
$431
Gross
$615
BALDWIN HEALTH
AL
Cash
$442
Gross
$850
PIH HEALTH DOWNEY HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
$442
Gross
$850
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - SOUTH BAY
CA
Cash
$442
Gross
$850
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - ORANGE COUNTY - ANAHEIM
CA
Cash
$442
Gross
$850
LOS ANGELES COMMUNITY HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
$442
Gross
$850
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - SAN MARCOS
CA
Cash
$442
Gross
$850
JAMAICA HOSPITAL MEDICAL CENTER
NY
Cash
$442
Gross
$442
MERCY MEDICAL CENTER OF MT SHASTA
CA
Cash
$444
Gross
$571
MERCY MEDICAL CENTER OF MT SHASTA
CA
Cash
$444
Gross
$571
MERCY MEDICAL CENTER
OH
Cash
$444
Gross
$571
MERCY MEDICAL CENTER
OH
Cash
$444
Gross
$571
PIONEER MEDICAL CENTER
MT
Cash
$457
Gross
$457
RED BAY HOSPITAL
AL
Cash
$465
Gross
$830
SANTA CLARA VALLEY MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
$465
Gross
$830
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - WALNUT CREEK
CA
Cash
$465
Gross
$830
SUTTER MEDICAL CENTER, SACRAMENTO
CA
Cash
$465
Gross
$830
SUTTER ROSEVILLE MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
$465
Gross
$830
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - REDWOOD CITY
CA
Cash
$465
Gross
$830
FRESNO SURGICAL HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
$465
Gross
$830
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL MANTECA
CA
Cash
$465
Gross
$830
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - SAN LEANDRO
CA
Cash
$465
Gross
$830
MT SAN RAFAEL HOSPITAL
CO
Cash
$465
Gross
$830
SANTA ROSA MEDICAL CENTER
FL
Cash
$465
Gross
$830
COMMUNITY HOSPITAL SOUTH, INC.
IN
Cash
$465
Gross
$830
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL WESTSIDE
OR
Cash
$465
Gross
$830
STILLWATER MEDICAL CENTER
OK
Cash
$469
Gross
$586
STILLWATER MEDICAL - PERRY
OK
Cash
$469
Gross
$586
STILLWATER MEDICAL-BLACKWELL
OK
Cash
$469
Gross
$586
TOPS SURGICAL SPECIALTY HOSPITAL
TX
Cash
$474
Gross
$1,354
UNIVERSITY OF MD ST JOSEPH MEDICAL CENTER
MD
Cash
$494
Gross
$494
University of Arkansas Medical Sciences
AR
Cash
$496
Gross
$827
CAMPBELL COUNTY HEALTH
WY
Cash
$502
Gross
$502
MONROE HOSPITAL
IN
Cash
$525
Gross
$525
HASKELL REGIONAL HOSPITAL, INC
OK
Cash
$525
Gross
$525
CENTRAL VERMONT MEDICAL CENTER
VT
Cash
$527
Gross
$527
COQUILLE VALLEY HOSPITAL
OR
Cash
$535
Gross
—
BAYLOR SCOTT AND WHITE SURGICAL HOSPITAL FORTWORTH
TX
Cash
$544
Gross
$906
CARLE BROMENN MEDICAL CENTER
IL
Cash
$566
Gross
$566
THE UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT HEALTH NETWORK-ALICE HY
NY
Cash
$573
Gross
$573
UNIVERSITY OF MD ST JOSEPH MEDICAL CENTER
MD
Cash
$602
Gross
$602
WINONA HEALTH SERVICES
MN
Cash
$612
Gross
$1,749
CHI HEALTH PLAINVIEW HOSPITAL
NE
Cash
$633
Gross
$754
CHI HEALTH PLAINVIEW HOSPITAL
NE
Cash
$633
Gross
$754
BETHESDA HOSPITAL EAST
FL
Cash
$634
Gross
$976
CHI HEALTH SCHUYLER
NE
Cash
$641
Gross
$754
CHI HEALTH SCHUYLER
NE
Cash
$641
Gross
$754
CARLE EUREKA HOSPITAL
IL
Cash
$706
Gross
$706
ANNIE JEFFREY MEMORIAL COUNTY HEALTH CENTER
NE
Cash
$720
Gross
$750
SAINT JOSEPH MOUNT STERLING
KY
Cash
$733
Gross
$2,000
SAINT JOSEPH MOUNT STERLING
KY
Cash
$733
Gross
$2,000
SAINT JOSEPH EAST
KY
Cash
$796
Gross
$1,981
SAINT JOSEPH EAST
KY
Cash
$796
Gross
$1,981
SAINT CLARE'S HOSPITAL/ DENVILLE CAMPUS
NJ
Cash
$796
Gross
$1,981
SAINT CLARE'S HOSPITAL/ DENVILLE CAMPUS
NJ
Cash
$796
Gross
$1,981
CARLE FOUNDATION HOSPITAL
IL
Cash
$809
Gross
$809
SIOUX FALLS SPECIALTY HOSPITAL
SD
Cash
$829
Gross
$1,105
NEW YORK-PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL
NY
Cash
$834
Gross
—
COOPER UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL
NJ
Cash
$900
Gross
$900
SAINT JOSEPH HOSPITAL
KY
Cash
$933
Gross
$1,981
SAINT JOSEPH HOSPITAL
KY
Cash
$933
Gross
$1,981
CHI SAINT JOSEPH BEREA NF
KY
Cash
$964
Gross
$2,000
CHI SAINT JOSEPH BEREA NF
KY
Cash
$964
Gross
$2,000
MAURY REGIONAL HOSPITAL
TN
Cash
$1,174
Gross
$2,864
SHRINERS HOSPITALS FOR CHILDREN NORTHERN CALIF
CA
Cash
$1,625
Gross
$1,625
SHRINERS HOSPITAL FOR CHILDREN
IL
Cash
$1,625
Gross
$1,625
THE SHRINERS' HOSPITAL FOR CHILDREN - BOSTON
MA
Cash
$1,625
Gross
$1,625
SHRINERS HOSPITALS FOR CHILDREN
MO
Cash
$1,625
Gross
$1,625
SHRINERS HOSPITALS FOR CHILDREN
OH
Cash
$1,625
Gross
$1,625
SHRINERS HOSPITAL FOR CHILDREN - PORTLAND
OR
Cash
$1,625
Gross
$1,625
SHRINERS HOSPITALS FOR CHILDREN - PHILADELPHIA
PA
Cash
$1,625
Gross
$1,625
SHRINERS HOSPITALS FOR CHILDREN
SC
Cash
$1,625
Gross
$1,625
SHRINERS HOSPITALS FOR CHILDREN
TX
Cash
$1,625
Gross
$1,625
SHRINERS HOSPITAL FOR CHILDREN
WA
Cash
$1,625
Gross
$1,625
CEDAR-SINAI MARINA DEL REY HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
$1,807
Gross
$2,780
RICHMOND UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER
NY
Cash
$2,653
Gross
$1,831
UNIVERSITY HEALTH LAKEWOOD MEDICAL CENTER
MO
Cash
$3,983
Gross
$7,242
THE EAST ALABAMA HEALTHCARE AUTHORITY
AL
Cash
—
Gross
—
THE EAST ALABAMA HEALTHCARE AUTHORITY
AL
Cash
—
Gross
—
ANDALUSIA HEALTH
AL
Cash
—
Gross
—
RIVERVIEW REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
AL
Cash
—
Gross
—
LAWRENCE MEDICAL CENTER
AL
Cash
—
Gross
—
LAWRENCE MEDICAL CENTER
AL
Cash
—
Gross
—
VAUGHAN REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER PARKWAY CAMPUS
AL
Cash
—
Gross
—
EAMC - LANIER
AL
Cash
—
Gross
—
EAMC - LANIER
AL
Cash
—
Gross
—
J PAUL JONES HOSPITAL
AL
Cash
—
Gross
—
TANNER MEDICAL CENTER-EAST ALABAMA
AL
Cash
—
Gross
—
TANNER MEDICAL CENTER-EAST ALABAMA
AL
Cash
—
Gross
—
ALASKA REGIONAL HOSPITAL
AK
Cash
—
Gross
—
MANIILAQ HEALTH CENTER
AK
Cash
—
Gross
$401
TUCSON MEDICAL CENTER
AZ
Cash
—
Gross
—
ST JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL
AZ
Cash
—
Gross
—
HONOR HEALTH JOHN C. LINCOLN MEDICAL CENTER
AZ
Cash
—
Gross
—
ST JOSEPHS HOSPITAL AND MEDICAL CENTER
AZ
Cash
—
Gross
—
CHANDLER REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
AZ
Cash
—
Gross
—
HONORHEALTH TEMPE MEDICAL CENTER
AZ
Cash
—
Gross
—
HONORHEALTH SCOTTSDALE OSBORN MEDICAL CENTER
AZ
Cash
—
Gross
—
HONORHEALTH SCOTTSDALE SHEA MEDICAL CENTER
AZ
Cash
—
Gross
—
HONORHEALTH DEER VALLEY MEDICAL CENTER
AZ
Cash
—
Gross
—
MERCY GILBERT MEDICAL CENTER
AZ
Cash
—
Gross
—
HONORHEALTH MOUNTAIN VISTA MEDICAL CENTER
AZ
Cash
—
Gross
—
DIGNITY HEALTH - ARIZONA GENERAL HOSPITAL
AZ
Cash
—
Gross
—
HONORHEALTH SONORAN CROSSING MEDICAL CENTER
AZ
Cash
—
Gross
—
BENSON HOSPITAL
AZ
Cash
—
Gross
—
NORTHERN COCHISE COMMUNITY HOSPITAL, INC.
AZ
Cash
—
Gross
—
CHI-ST VINCENT INFIRMARY
AR
Cash
—
Gross
—
JEFFERSON REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
AR
Cash
—
Gross
—
ST VINCENT MEDICAL CENTER/NORTH
AR
Cash
—
Gross
—
LAWRENCE MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
AR
Cash
—
Gross
—
LAWRENCE MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
AR
Cash
—
Gross
—
CHI ST VINCENT MORRILTON
AR
Cash
—
Gross
—
OZARKS COMMUNITY HOSPITAL OF GRAVETTE
AR
Cash
—
Gross
$605
PENINSULA MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
—
Gross
—
CALIFORNIA PACIFIC MEDICAL CTR-DAVIES CAMPUS HOSP
CA
Cash
—
Gross
—
SUTTER AMADOR HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
—
Gross
—
MERCY GENERAL HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
—
Gross
—
LAC/OLIVE VIEW-UCLA MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
—
Gross
—
LAC/OLIVE VIEW-UCLA MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
—
Gross
—
ALTA BATES SUMMIT MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
—
Gross
—
CALIFORNIA PACIFIC MEDICAL CENTER- VAN NESS CAMPUS
CA
Cash
—
Gross
—
CALIFORNIA PACIFIC MEDICAL CENTER - MISSION BERNAL
CA
Cash
—
Gross
—
GLENDALE MEM HOSPITAL & HLTH CENTER
CA
Cash
—
Gross
—
HOLLYWOOD PRESBYTERIAN MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
—
Gross
—
ST JOHNS REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
—
Gross
—
COMMUNITY HOSPITAL OF SAN BERNARDINO
CA
Cash
—
Gross
—
COMMUNITY HOSPITAL OF HUNTINGTON PARK
CA
Cash
—
Gross
—
SUTTER SOLANO MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
—
Gross
—
SANTA MONICA - UCLA MED CTR & ORTHOPAEDIC HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
—
Gross
—
DOCTORS HOSPITAL OF MANTECA
CA
Cash
—
Gross
—
USC VERDUGO HILLS HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
—
Gross
—

Data straight from each hospital's federally-mandated machine-readable file (45 CFR § 180). Prices reflect what the hospital published; what you actually pay depends on your specific plan, deductible, and other factors. "Cash price" is the discounted self-pay rate hospitals are required to publish for uninsured patients.