CPT 11105 · 1,344 hospitals reporting

11105

The same procedure costs $50.36 at one hospital and $3,763 at another — a 75× spread for what's billed under the same code. Median: $184.

Cheapest published
$50.36
109 entries below $50 already filtered. Remaining low values usually reflect partial-cost line items (professional fee only), not full bills.
Median across 1,344 hospitals
$184
The realistic middle of the cash-price distribution. Use this as your benchmark.
Most expensive
$3,763
Highest published price. Often a gross-charge "list price" rarely actually paid.

Price distribution

500 hospitals · log-scale x-axis
median $184$100HOSPITALS →

Each bar = number of hospitals charging in that price range. Emerald bar contains the median. Amber dots = entries we flagged as likely partial-cost line items (excluded from the table below).

Why some prices look unrealistically low or high

Hospitals publish their machine-readable files (MRFs) the way they choose. A single procedure code can appear with very different prices depending on what's being charged:

  • Global price — facility + implant + anesthesia + surgeon. This is what you'd actually be billed.
  • Professional fee only — surgeon's portion. Often $500–$2,500 for a major procedure that costs $20K+ globally.
  • Facility fee only — operating room and recovery, no implant or surgeon.
  • Per-unit / per-minute charges — e.g. anesthesia time billed at $0.68/min appearing under a CPT code.
  • Rate multipliers — values like 0.85 meaning "85% of Medicare" rather than dollars.

We filter the most obvious artifacts (under $50, or 25× above the median), but rows in the $500–$2K range for a major procedure are typically professional-only and we can't always tell. Use the median and high-end as the realistic range; treat very low rows as partial-cost line items, not full bills.

500 hospitals reporting
LONGMONT UNITED HOSPITAL
CO
Cash
$184
Gross
$460
CENTURA HEALTH-ST ANTHONY NORTH HEALTH CAMPUS
CO
Cash
$184
Gross
$460
ORTHOCOLORADO HOSP AT ST ANTHONY MED CAMPUS
CO
Cash
$184
Gross
$460
ST FRANCIS HOSPITAL - INTERQUEST
CO
Cash
$184
Gross
$460
SAINT ANTHONY HOSPITAL
IL
Cash
$184
Gross
$460
CARLE HEALTH PROCTOR HOSPITAL
IL
Cash
$184
Gross
$184
CARLE HEALTH PEKIN HOSPITAL
IL
Cash
$184
Gross
$184
CARLE HEALTH METHODIST HOSPITAL
IL
Cash
$184
Gross
$184
ADVENTHEALTH FISH MEMORIAL
FL
Cash
$184
Gross
$334
MEMORIAL HEALTHCARE SYSTEM, INC
TN
Cash
$185
Gross
$437
MEMORIAL HEALTHCARE SYSTEM, INC
TN
Cash
$185
Gross
$437
ST THOMAS MORE HOSPITAL
CO
Cash
$183
Gross
$458
MERCY HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
$185
Gross
$462
CENTURA HEALTH-ST ANTHONY HOSPITAL
CO
Cash
$185
Gross
$462
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - SOUTH SAN FRANCISCO
CA
Cash
$186
Gross
$532
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL-SANTA CLARA
CA
Cash
$186
Gross
$532
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL AND REHAB CENTER
CA
Cash
$186
Gross
$532
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - OAKLAND/RICHMOND
CA
Cash
$186
Gross
$532
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - SAN FRANCISCO
CA
Cash
$186
Gross
$532
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - SACRAMENTO
CA
Cash
$186
Gross
$532
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
$186
Gross
$532
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - FREMONT
CA
Cash
$186
Gross
$532
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL-SAN JOSE
CA
Cash
$186
Gross
$532
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSP SO SACRAMENTO
CA
Cash
$186
Gross
$532
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL-SANTA ROSA
CA
Cash
$186
Gross
$532
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - FRESNO
CA
Cash
$186
Gross
$532
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - ANTIOCH
CA
Cash
$186
Gross
$532
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - VACAVILLE
CA
Cash
$186
Gross
$532
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - ROSEVILLE
CA
Cash
$186
Gross
$532
Baylor St Lukes Medical Center
TX
Cash
$186
Gross
$532
CHI ST LUKES LAKESIDE HOSPITAL
TX
Cash
$186
Gross
$532
FAULKTON AREA MEDICAL CENTER
SD
Cash
$186
Gross
$207
THREE RIVERS HOSPITAL
WA
Cash
$181
Gross
$181
GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV HOSPITAL
DC
Cash
$180
Gross
$451
JACKSON GENERAL HOSPITAL
WV
Cash
$188
Gross
$376
HOULTON REGIONAL HOSPITAL
ME
Cash
$188
Gross
$198
NAVICENT HEALTH BALDWIN
GA
Cash
$180
Gross
$360
ATRIUM HEALTH NAVICENT PEACH
GA
Cash
$180
Gross
$360
CARLE BROMENN MEDICAL CENTER
IL
Cash
$180
Gross
$180
BUCHANAN COUNTY HEALTH CENTER
IA
Cash
$179
Gross
$211
ST LUKE'S PATIENTS MEDICAL CENTER
TX
Cash
$179
Gross
$511
ST LUKE'S PATIENTS MEDICAL CENTER
TX
Cash
$179
Gross
$511
ATRIUM HEALTH NAVICENT THE MEDICAL CENTER
GA
Cash
$179
Gross
$357
UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL S U N Y HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER
NY
Cash
$190
Gross
$292
VALLEY VIEW HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION
CO
Cash
$178
Gross
$198
CHEROKEE REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
IA
Cash
$178
Gross
$198
AIKEN REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
SC
Cash
$190
Gross
$476
SWEETWATER HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION
TN
Cash
$190
Gross
$476
ADVENTHEALTH SHAWNEE MISSION
KS
Cash
$177
Gross
$354
SIERRA NEVADA MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
$177
Gross
$325
SIERRA NEVADA MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
$177
Gross
$325
PIONEER MEDICAL CENTER
MT
Cash
$177
Gross
$177
ST LUKE'S REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
ID
Cash
$194
Gross
$553
ST LUKE'S REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
ID
Cash
$194
Gross
$553
ST LUKE'S THE WOODLANDS HOSPITAL
TX
Cash
$194
Gross
$553
ST LUKE'S THE WOODLANDS HOSPITAL
TX
Cash
$194
Gross
$553
ST LUKE'S SUGAR LAND HOSPITAL
TX
Cash
$194
Gross
$553
ST LUKE'S SUGAR LAND HOSPITAL
TX
Cash
$194
Gross
$553
ST LUKE'S HOSPITAL AT THE VINTAGE
TX
Cash
$194
Gross
$553
ST LUKE'S HOSPITAL AT THE VINTAGE
TX
Cash
$194
Gross
$553
UPHS MARQUETTE DLP HOSPITAL
MI
Cash
$174
Gross
$291
CHOCTAW HEALTH CENTER
MS
Cash
$174
Gross
$348
CHOCTAW MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
OK
Cash
$174
Gross
$348
POTOMAC VALLEY HOSPITAL
WV
Cash
$174
Gross
$348
HAWARDEN REGIONAL HEALTHCARE
IA
Cash
$172
Gross
$203
WILLAPA HARBOR HOSPITAL
WA
Cash
$196
Gross
$280
CAPITAL HEALTH REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
NJ
Cash
$172
Gross
$430
HAYWOOD REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
NC
Cash
$197
Gross
$492
SIDNEY HEALTH CENTER
MT
Cash
$170
Gross
$275
SIDNEY HEALTH CENTER
MT
Cash
$170
Gross
$275
DOMINICAN HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
$198
Gross
$441
DOMINICAN HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
$198
Gross
$441
METRO NASHVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL
TN
Cash
$168
Gross
$280
NATIONAL JEWISH HEALTH
CO
Cash
$167
Gross
$239
BAPTIST HEALTH - FORT SMITH
AR
Cash
$202
Gross
$807
NEW YORK-PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL
NY
Cash
$203
Gross
UNITED HOSPITAL CENTER, INC
WV
Cash
$204
Gross
$407
SISTERSVILLE GENERAL HOSPITAL
WV
Cash
$204
Gross
$407
SUMMERSVILLE REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
WV
Cash
$204
Gross
$407
UT OF TEXAS SOUTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL - WILLIAM P. CLEMENTS JR.
TX
Cash
$204
Gross
$408
FRANKLIN HOSPITAL
IL
Cash
$205
Gross
$274
BATON ROUGE GENERAL MEDICAL CENTER
LA
Cash
$205
Gross
$293
THE GENERAL
LA
Cash
$205
Gross
$293
CHI ST JOSEPH HEALTH REGIONAL HOSPITAL
TX
Cash
$162
Gross
$463
ACADIA ST LANDRY
LA
Cash
$206
Gross
$275
ATRIUM HEALTH FLOYD MEDICAL CENTER
GA
Cash
$207
Gross
$413
ST ELIZABETH COMMUNITY HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
$207
Gross
$354
ST ELIZABETH COMMUNITY HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
$207
Gross
$354
ST ELIZABETH HOSPITAL
CO
Cash
$207
Gross
$354
ST ELIZABETH HOSPITAL
CO
Cash
$207
Gross
$354
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - PANORAMA CITY
CA
Cash
$161
Gross
$461
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - LOS ANGELES
CA
Cash
$161
Gross
$461
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - DOWNEY
CA
Cash
$161
Gross
$461
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL FONTANA/ONTARIO
CA
Cash
$161
Gross
$461
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - SAN DIEGO
CA
Cash
$161
Gross
$461
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - WEST LA
CA
Cash
$161
Gross
$461
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - WOODLAND HILLS
CA
Cash
$161
Gross
$461
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL, RIVERSIDE
CA
Cash
$161
Gross
$461
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - BALDWIN PARK
CA
Cash
$161
Gross
$461
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL-MORENO VALLEY
CA
Cash
$161
Gross
$461
MIZELL MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
AL
Cash
$161
Gross
$179
WETZEL COUNTY HOSPITAL
WV
Cash
$161
Gross
$322
WAYNE MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
GA
Cash
$208
Gross
$297
SAUK PRAIRIE HOSPITAL
WI
Cash
$159
Gross
$291
WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS, INC
WV
Cash
$209
Gross
$418
ST. CATHERINE HOSPITAL - GARDEN CITY
KS
Cash
$158
Gross
$394
ADVOCATE CONDELL MEDICAL CENTER
IL
Cash
$158
Gross
$315
CHRISTUS SOUTHEAST TEXAS- ST ELIZABETH
TX
Cash
$157
Gross
$476
ADVENTHEALTH CENTRAL TEXAS
TX
Cash
$212
Gross
$423
ADVENTHEALTH ROLLINS BROOK
TX
Cash
$212
Gross
$423
STARR COUNTY MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
TX
Cash
$156
Gross
$156
FROEDTERT SOUTH INC.
WI
Cash
$212
Gross
$386
ST JOSEPHS COMMUNITY HOSPITAL WEST BEND
WI
Cash
$212
Gross
$386
COMMUNITY MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
WI
Cash
$212
Gross
$386
FROEDTERT MEMORIAL LUTHERAN HOSPITAL
WI
Cash
$212
Gross
$386
FAIRVIEW LAKES HEALTH SERVICES
MN
Cash
$155
Gross
$247
FAIRVIEW NORTHLAND REGIONAL HOSPITAL
MN
Cash
$155
Gross
$247
LORING HOSPITAL
IA
Cash
$154
Gross
$192
CHAMPLAIN VALLEY PHYSICIANS HOSPITAL MEDICAL CTR
NY
Cash
$215
Gross
$215
NOVANT HEALTH PRESBYTERIAN MEDICAL CENTER
NC
Cash
$216
Gross
$431
MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
IL
Cash
$151
Gross
$189
MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
IL
Cash
$151
Gross
$189
PEACEHEALTH KETCHIKAN MEDICAL CENTER
AK
Cash
$150
Gross
$231
SEVIER COUNTY MEDICAL CENTER
AR
Cash
$150
Gross
$250
CRISP REGIONAL HOSPITAL
GA
Cash
$218
Gross
$230
UCHEALTH GREELEY HOSPITAL
CO
Cash
$218
Gross
$364
PENDER COMMUNITY HOSPITAL
NE
Cash
$149
Gross
$331
TRINITY ROCK ISLAND
IL
Cash
$149
Gross
$186
UNITYPOINT HEALTH - MARSHALLTOWN
IA
Cash
$149
Gross
$186
TRINITY MUSCATINE
IA
Cash
$149
Gross
$186
TRINITY REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
IA
Cash
$149
Gross
$186
ST LUKES HOSPITAL
IA
Cash
$149
Gross
$186
UNITYPOINT HEALTH - DES MOINES IOWA METHODIST MEDI
IA
Cash
$149
Gross
$186
TRINITY - BETTENDORF
IA
Cash
$149
Gross
$186
ALLEN HOSPITAL
IA
Cash
$149
Gross
$186
FINLEY HOSPITAL
IA
Cash
$149
Gross
$186
ST LUKES REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
IA
Cash
$149
Gross
$186
GRINNELL REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
IA
Cash
$149
Gross
$186
GRUNDY COUNTY MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
IA
Cash
$149
Gross
$186
JONES REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
IA
Cash
$149
Gross
$186
UNITED MEDICAL CENTER
DC
Cash
$149
Gross
$297
CAMDEN CLARK MEDICAL CENTER
WV
Cash
$149
Gross
$297
ST NICHOLAS HOSPITAL
WI
Cash
$149
Gross
$225
HSHS ST CLARE MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
WI
Cash
$149
Gross
$225
REYNOLDS MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
WV
Cash
$220
Gross
$440
THOMAS HOSPITAL
AL
Cash
$148
Gross
$296
STEWART MEMORIAL COMMUNITY HOSPITAL
IA
Cash
$147
Gross
$184
MARY BRIDGE CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL
WA
Cash
$222
Gross
$554
OCH REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
MS
Cash
$146
Gross
$228
DETROIT RECEIVING HOSPITAL
MI
Cash
$145
Gross
$193
SOUTH CENTRAL REG MED CTR
MS
Cash
$224
Gross
$534
SOUTH CENTRAL HEALTH
ND
Cash
$224
Gross
$534
CAMPBELL COUNTY HEALTH
WY
Cash
$225
Gross
$225
BRIDGEPORT HOSPITAL
CT
Cash
$225
Gross
$442
AdventHealth Palm Coast
FL
Cash
$143
Gross
$259
COLUMBUS REGIONAL HEALTHCARE SYSTEM
NC
Cash
$228
Gross
$325
SILVER CROSS HOSPITAL AND MEDICAL CENTERS
IL
Cash
$139
Gross
$365
SILVER CROSS HOSPITAL AND MEDICAL CENTERS
IL
Cash
$139
Gross
$365
HUTCHINSON REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER INC
KS
Cash
$139
Gross
$186
UCH-MEMORIAL HEALTH SYSTEM
CO
Cash
$139
Gross
$398
LONGS PEAK HOSPITAL
CO
Cash
$139
Gross
$398
UCHEALTH BROOMFIELD HOSPITAL
CO
Cash
$139
Gross
$398
UCHEALTH GRANDVIEW HOSPITAL
CO
Cash
$139
Gross
$398
HOLY FAMILY MEMORIAL
WI
Cash
$139
Gross
CAREWELL HEALTH MEDICAL CENTER
NJ
Cash
$230
Gross
$271
COX BARTON COUNTY HOSPITAL
MO
Cash
$136
Gross
$427
LUCAS COUNTY HEALTH CENTER
IA
Cash
$135
Gross
$135
INSPIRA MEDICAL CENTER VINELAND
NJ
Cash
$135
Gross
$135
INSPIRA MEDICAL CENTER MULLICA HILL
NJ
Cash
$135
Gross
$135
VIRGINIA MASON MEDICAL CENTER
WA
Cash
$134
Gross
$262
VIRGINIA MASON MEDICAL CENTER
WA
Cash
$134
Gross
$262
MEMORIAL HOSPITAL SWEETWATER COUNTY
WY
Cash
$235
Gross
$235
SANFORD BEMIDJI MEDICAL CENTER
MN
Cash
$235
Gross
$294
MARIA PARHAM MEDICAL CENTER
NC
Cash
$235
Gross
$589
PEACEHEALTH SOUTHWEST MEDICAL CENTER
WA
Cash
$133
Gross
$204
MULTICARE AUBURN MEDICAL CENTER
WA
Cash
$237
Gross
$592
TACOMA GENERAL ALLENMORE HOSPITAL
WA
Cash
$237
Gross
$592
MULTICARE COVINGTON MEDICAL CENTER
WA
Cash
$237
Gross
$592
CHEYENNE REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
WY
Cash
$131
Gross
$187
ADVOCATE SHERMAN HOSPITAL
IL
Cash
$130
Gross
$260
ADVOCATE GOOD SAMARITAN HOSPITAL
IL
Cash
$130
Gross
$260
ADVOCATE GOOD SHEPHERD HOSPITAL
IL
Cash
$130
Gross
$260
CHI MEMORIAL HOSPITAL- GEORGIA
GA
Cash
$129
Gross
$437
CHI MEMORIAL HOSPITAL- GEORGIA
GA
Cash
$129
Gross
$437
CONEMAUGH MEMORIAL MEDICAL CENTER
PA
Cash
$128
Gross
$321
PROGRESS WEST HOSPITAL
MO
Cash
$128
Gross
$213
MOSAIC MEDICAL CENTER ALBANY
MO
Cash
$128
Gross
$150
MERCY MEDICAL CENTER
OR
Cash
$127
Gross
$239
MERCY MEDICAL CENTER
OR
Cash
$127
Gross
$239
UNITYPOINT HEALTH - MARSHALLTOWN
IA
Cash
$241
Gross
$301
ALLEN HOSPITAL
IA
Cash
$241
Gross
$301
GRUNDY COUNTY MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
IA
Cash
$241
Gross
$301
CARLE RICHLAND MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
IL
Cash
$242
Gross
$242
TEXOMA MEDICAL CENTER
TX
Cash
$243
Gross
$324
KENNEDY KRIEGER INSTITUTE
MD
Cash
$125
Gross
$156
CAPE FEAR VALLEY MEDICAL CENTER
NC
Cash
$125
Gross
$208
BETSY JOHNSON REGIONAL HOSPITAL
NC
Cash
$125
Gross
$208
MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
IL
Cash
$244
Gross
$542
GREATER BALTIMORE MEDICAL CENTER
MD
Cash
$124
Gross
$124
NORTHWOOD DEACONESS HEALTH CENTER
ND
Cash
$124
Gross
$155
ST ELIZABETH HOSPITAL
WA
Cash
$123
Gross
$406
ST ELIZABETH HOSPITAL
WA
Cash
$123
Gross
$406
JOHNSON COUNTY HEALTHCARE CENTER
WY
Cash
$123
Gross
$123
SAINT JOSEPH HOSPITAL
KY
Cash
$123
Gross
$261
SAINT JOSEPH HOSPITAL
KY
Cash
$123
Gross
$261
ADVOCATE CHRIST HOSPITAL & MEDICAL CENTER
IL
Cash
$123
Gross
$245
UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS SAMARITAN MEDICAL CENTER
OH
Cash
$246
Gross
$328
UH REGIONAL HOSPITALS
OH
Cash
$246
Gross
$328
UH ST JOHN MEDICAL CENTER
OH
Cash
$246
Gross
$328
UH CLEVELAND MEDICAL CENTER
OH
Cash
$246
Gross
$328
UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS - ELYRIA MEDICAL CENTER
OH
Cash
$246
Gross
$328
UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS AHUJA MEDICAL CENTER
OH
Cash
$246
Gross
$328
RAINBOW BABIES AND CHILDRENS HOSPITAL
OH
Cash
$246
Gross
$328
HIGHLAND HILLS MEDICAL CENTER
MS
Cash
$122
Gross
$244
HENDERSON COMMUNITY HOSPITAL
NE
Cash
$246
Gross
$616
VALLEY HOSPITAL MEDICAL CENTER
NV
Cash
$246
Gross
$616
SUMMERLIN HOSPITAL MEDICAL CENTER
NV
Cash
$246
Gross
$616
SPRING VALLEY HOSPITAL MEDICAL CENTER
NV
Cash
$246
Gross
$616
CENTENNIAL HILLS HOSPITAL MEDICAL CENTER
NV
Cash
$246
Gross
$616
HENDERSON HOSPITAL
NV
Cash
$246
Gross
$616
WEST HENDERSON HOSPITAL
NV
Cash
$246
Gross
$616
WHEELING HOSPITAL, INC
WV
Cash
$121
Gross
$242
University of Arkansas Medical Sciences
AR
Cash
$248
Gross
$413
THE UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT HEALTH NETWORK-ALICE HY
NY
Cash
$248
Gross
$248
UCHEALTH HIGHLANDS RANCH HOSPITAL
CO
Cash
$119
Gross
$398
PRINCETON BAPTIST MEDICAL CENTER
AL
Cash
$119
Gross
$238
CATALINA ISLAND MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
$119
Gross
$170
LADD MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
WI
Cash
$119
Gross
$170
BALDWIN HEALTH
AL
Cash
$250
Gross
$480
PIH HEALTH DOWNEY HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
$250
Gross
$480
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - SOUTH BAY
CA
Cash
$250
Gross
$480
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - ORANGE COUNTY - ANAHEIM
CA
Cash
$250
Gross
$480
LOS ANGELES COMMUNITY HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
$250
Gross
$480
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL - SAN MARCOS
CA
Cash
$250
Gross
$480
BEEBE MEDICAL CENTER
DE
Cash
$251
Gross
$295
WAYNE MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
PA
Cash
$117
Gross
$147
ST CLARE HOSPITAL
WA
Cash
$117
Gross
$406
ST CLARE HOSPITAL
WA
Cash
$117
Gross
$406
SLEEPY EYE MEDICAL CENTER
MN
Cash
$116
Gross
$184
SNOQUALMIE VALLEY HOSPITAL
WA
Cash
$116
Gross
$201
LIFECARE MEDICAL CENTER
MN
Cash
$116
Gross
$132
CARSON TAHOE REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
NV
Cash
$252
Gross
$360
PERSON MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
NC
Cash
$252
Gross
$630
ST FRANCIS HOSPITAL & MEDICAL CENTER
CT
Cash
$115
Gross
$230
BROWARD HEALTH MEDICAL CENTER
FL
Cash
$115
Gross
$230
WEST BOCA MEDICAL CENTER
FL
Cash
$115
Gross
$230
FLOYD COUNTY MEDICAL CENTER
IA
Cash
$115
Gross
$230
UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI HEALTH CARE
MO
Cash
$115
Gross
$230
ELLIS HOSPITAL
NY
Cash
$115
Gross
$230
MOUNT PLEASANT HOSPITAL
SC
Cash
$115
Gross
$230
AURORA MEDICAL CTR MANITOWOC COUNTY
WI
Cash
$115
Gross
$230
AURORA MEDICAL CENTER SHEBOYGAN COUNTY
WI
Cash
$115
Gross
$230
AURORA MEDICAL CTR WASHINGTON COUNTY
WI
Cash
$115
Gross
$230
AURORA MEMORIAL HOSPITAL BURLINGTON
WI
Cash
$115
Gross
$230
AURORA LAKELAND MEDICAL CENTER
WI
Cash
$115
Gross
$230
AURORA MEDICAL CENTER BAY AREA
WI
Cash
$115
Gross
$230
AURORA ST LUKES MEDICAL CENTER
WI
Cash
$115
Gross
$230
WEST ALLIS MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
WI
Cash
$115
Gross
$230
AURORA MEDICAL CENTER KENOSHA
WI
Cash
$115
Gross
$230
AURORA BAYCARE MEDICAL CTR
WI
Cash
$115
Gross
$230
AURORA MEDICAL CTR OSHKOSH
WI
Cash
$115
Gross
$230
AURORA MEDICAL CENTER - SUMMIT
WI
Cash
$115
Gross
$230
AURORA MEDICAL CENTER
WI
Cash
$115
Gross
$230
M HEALTH FAIRVIEW RIDGES HOSPITAL
MN
Cash
$115
Gross
$270
DEACONESS ILLINOIS CROSSROADS
IL
Cash
$114
Gross
$327
RANGE REGIONAL HEALTH SERVICES
MN
Cash
$114
Gross
$269
LOGAN HEALTH - CHESTER
MT
Cash
$114
Gross
CHI HEALTH MERCY COUNCIL BLUFFS
IA
Cash
$255
Gross
$606
CHI HEALTH MERCY COUNCIL BLUFFS
IA
Cash
$255
Gross
$606
CHI HEALTH BERGAN MERCY
NE
Cash
$255
Gross
$606
CHI HEALTH BERGAN MERCY
NE
Cash
$255
Gross
$606
CHI HEALTH IMMANUEL
NE
Cash
$255
Gross
$606
CHI HEALTH IMMANUEL
NE
Cash
$255
Gross
$606
CHI HEALTH MIDLANDS
NE
Cash
$255
Gross
$606
CHI HEALTH MIDLANDS
NE
Cash
$255
Gross
$606
CHI HEALTH LAKESIDE
NE
Cash
$255
Gross
$606
CHI HEALTH LAKESIDE
NE
Cash
$255
Gross
$606
MID VALLEY HOSPITAL & CLINIC
WA
Cash
$113
Gross
$162
POUDRE VALLEY HOSPITAL
CO
Cash
$255
Gross
$364
HIGH POINT REGIONAL HEALTH SYSTEM
NC
Cash
$113
Gross
$226
NORTH CAROLINA BAPTIST HOSPITAL
NC
Cash
$113
Gross
$226
SCHOOLCRAFT MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
MI
Cash
$257
Gross
$321
CHESHIRE MEDICAL CENTER
NH
Cash
$111
Gross
$403
PEACEHEALTH KETCHIKAN MEDICAL CENTER
AK
Cash
$110
Gross
$169
CALDWELL MEDICAL CENTER
KY
Cash
$109
Gross
$146
WINDOM AREA HEALTH
MN
Cash
$260
Gross
$382
FAIRVIEW LAKES HEALTH SERVICES
MN
Cash
$108
Gross
$270
M HEALTH FAIRVIEW SOUTHDALE HOSPITAL
MN
Cash
$108
Gross
$270
M HEALTH FAIRVIEW UNIVERSITY OF MN MEDICAL CENTER
MN
Cash
$108
Gross
$270
FAIRVIEW NORTHLAND REGIONAL HOSPITAL
MN
Cash
$108
Gross
$270
M HEALTH FAIRVIEW ST JOHN'S HOSPITAL
MN
Cash
$108
Gross
$270
M HEALTH FAIRVIEW WOODWINDS HOSPITAL
MN
Cash
$108
Gross
$270
CALDWELL MEDICAL CENTER
KY
Cash
$108
Gross
$144
NEVADA REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
MO
Cash
$108
Gross
$108
YALE-NEW HAVEN HOSPITAL
CT
Cash
$261
Gross
$442
REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
IA
Cash
$106
Gross
$133
BAXTER HEALTH
AR
Cash
$262
Gross
$437
CARILION STONEWALL JACKSON HOSPITAL
VA
Cash
$106
Gross
$177
UNITYPOINT HEALTH - MERITER
WI
Cash
$106
Gross
$132
COOKEVILLE REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
TN
Cash
$105
Gross
$172
WASHINGTON REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
AR
Cash
$105
Gross
$140
ADVOCATE TRINITY HOSPITAL
IL
Cash
$105
Gross
$210
SCHNECK MEDICAL CENTER
IN
Cash
$105
Gross
CHEYENNE REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
WY
Cash
$104
Gross
$149
OCHSNER CHOCTAW GENERAL
AL
Cash
$104
Gross
$137
KEEFE MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
CO
Cash
$104
Gross
$104
CENTRAL VERMONT MEDICAL CENTER
VT
Cash
$264
Gross
$264
CLARKE COUNTY HOSPITAL
IA
Cash
$103
Gross
$103
STEVENS COMMUNITY MEDICAL CENTER
MN
Cash
$103
Gross
$137
CHI HEALTH GOOD SAMARITAN
NE
Cash
$102
Gross
$167
CHI HEALTH GOOD SAMARITAN
NE
Cash
$102
Gross
$167
JENNIE STUART MEDICAL CENTER
KY
Cash
$101
Gross
$327
JACOBSON MEMORIAL HOSPITAL CARE CENTER
ND
Cash
$267
Gross
$356
GREENE COUNTY HOSPITAL
AL
Cash
$101
Gross
$180
GREENE COUNTY MEDICAL CENTER
IA
Cash
$101
Gross
$180
ANTELOPE VALLEY HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
$100
Gross
$100
WELLSPAN YORK HOSPITAL
PA
Cash
$99.2
Gross
$124
WELLSPAN WAYNESBORO HOSPITAL
PA
Cash
$99.2
Gross
$124
WELLSPAN CHAMBERSBURG HOSPITAL
PA
Cash
$99.2
Gross
$124
SAUNDERS MEDICAL CENTER
NE
Cash
$99
Gross
$132
WESTERLY HOSPITAL
RI
Cash
$270
Gross
$749
ST LUKES HOSPITAL
MN
Cash
$96.88
Gross
$173
RANGE REGIONAL HEALTH SERVICES
MN
Cash
$96.48
Gross
$227
GRAND ITASCA CLINIC AND HOSPITAL
MN
Cash
$96.48
Gross
$227
WEISER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
ID
Cash
$96.08
Gross
$128
MOSAIC LIFE CARE AT ST JOSEPH
MO
Cash
$96.05
Gross
$113
MOSAIC MEDICAL CENTER ALBANY
MO
Cash
$96.05
Gross
$113
MERCY SAN JUAN MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
$95.9
Gross
$350
MADISON MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
ID
Cash
$95.2
Gross
$112
MADISON HOSPITAL
MN
Cash
$95.2
Gross
$112
ADVOCATE LUTHERAN GENERAL HOSPITAL
IL
Cash
$95
Gross
$190
OCHSNER STENNIS MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
MS
Cash
$94.65
Gross
$137
CALIFORNIA HOSPITAL MEDICAL CENTER LA
CA
Cash
$94.58
Gross
$195
CALIFORNIA HOSPITAL MEDICAL CENTER LA
CA
Cash
$94.58
Gross
$195
STEWART MEMORIAL COMMUNITY HOSPITAL
IA
Cash
$274
Gross
$342
STEWART MEMORIAL COMMUNITY HOSPITAL
IA
Cash
$274
Gross
$342
STORY COUNTY HOSPITAL
IA
Cash
$94.4
Gross
$118
STORY COUNTY HOSPITAL
IA
Cash
$94.4
Gross
$118
STORY COUNTY HOSPITAL
IA
Cash
$94.4
Gross
$118
WHITESBURG ARH HOSPITAL
KY
Cash
$94.2
Gross
$157
TUG VALLEY ARH REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
KY
Cash
$94.2
Gross
$157
HOLY CROSS HOSPITAL - SALT LAKE
UT
Cash
$275
Gross
$686
HOLY CROSS HOSPITAL-DAVIS
UT
Cash
$275
Gross
$686
ROME MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, INC
NY
Cash
$93.25
Gross
$231
CHICOT MEMORIAL MEDICAL CENTER
AR
Cash
$275
Gross
$275
NORTHEASTERN VERMONT REGIONAL HOSPITAL
VT
Cash
$93
Gross
$124
NEOSHO MEMORIAL REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
KS
Cash
$275
Gross
$367
OCHSNER WATKINS HOSPITAL
MS
Cash
$91.91
Gross
$137
VALLEY MEDICAL CENTER
WA
Cash
$91.7
Gross
$131
PEACEHEALTH ST JOHN MEDICAL CENTER
WA
Cash
$91.65
Gross
$141
TRINITY MUSCATINE
IA
Cash
$277
Gross
$346
TRINITY REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
IA
Cash
$277
Gross
$346
ST LUKES HOSPITAL
IA
Cash
$277
Gross
$346
UNITYPOINT HEALTH - DES MOINES IOWA METHODIST MEDI
IA
Cash
$277
Gross
$346
ST LUKES REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
IA
Cash
$277
Gross
$346
SPRINGHILL MEDICAL CENTER
LA
Cash
$90.1
Gross
$265
WHIDBEYHEALTH MEDICAL CENTER
WA
Cash
$90
Gross
$90
UNIVERSITY OF MD ST JOSEPH MEDICAL CENTER
MD
Cash
$89.55
Gross
$89.55
UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI MED CENTER
MS
Cash
$88.8
Gross
$222
UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI MEDICAL CENTER- GRENADA
MS
Cash
$88.8
Gross
$222
BOZEMAN HEALTH DEACONESS HOSPITAL
MT
Cash
$88.8
Gross
$111
BOZEMAN HEALTH BIG SKY MEDICAL CENTER
MT
Cash
$88.8
Gross
$111
GREENE COUNTY HOSPITAL
AL
Cash
$279
Gross
$499
GREENE COUNTY HOSPITAL
AL
Cash
$279
Gross
$499
GREENE COUNTY MEDICAL CENTER
IA
Cash
$279
Gross
$499
GREENE COUNTY MEDICAL CENTER
IA
Cash
$279
Gross
$499
YAVAPAI REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
AZ
Cash
$88.3
Gross
$119
SAN JUAN HOSPITAL
UT
Cash
$88.15
Gross
$126
CRAWFORD MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
IL
Cash
$280
Gross
$350
UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS PORTAGE MEDICAL CENTER
OH
Cash
$281
Gross
$374
LAKE HEALTH
OH
Cash
$281
Gross
$374
ADAMS COUNTY REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
OH
Cash
$87.2
Gross
$109
CHI HEALTH ST. ELIZABETH
NE
Cash
$87
Gross
$174
CHI HEALTH ST. ELIZABETH
NE
Cash
$87
Gross
$174
OCHSNER SCOTT REGIONAL
MS
Cash
$86.42
Gross
$137
MANATEE MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
FL
Cash
$86.4
Gross
$216
SIOUX CENTER HEALTH
IA
Cash
$86.33
Gross
$89
YAVAPAI REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
AZ
Cash
$86.08
Gross
$116
POINTE COUPEE GENERAL HOSPITAL
LA
Cash
$85.5
Gross
$95
WILCOX MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
HI
Cash
$85.2
Gross
$213
MOSAIC LIFE CARE AT ST JOSEPH
MO
Cash
$85
Gross
$100
SANFORD USD MEDICAL CENTER
SD
Cash
$283
Gross
$354
DEACONESS HOSPITAL INC
IN
Cash
$84.8
Gross
$106
SOUTHWESTERN VERMONT MEDICAL CENTER
VT
Cash
$84
Gross
$120
OCHSNER LAIRD HOSPITAL
MS
Cash
$83.68
Gross
$137
LAKEWOOD RANCH MEDICAL CENTER
FL
Cash
$83.2
Gross
$208
IVINSON MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
WY
Cash
$285
Gross
$285
MOUNTAIN VIEW HOSPITAL
ID
Cash
$82.6
Gross
$118
ADVOCATE ILLINOIS MASONIC MEDICAL CENTER
IL
Cash
$82.5
Gross
$165
FIELD HEALTH SYSTEM
MS
Cash
$82.5
Gross
$110
DAHL MEMORIAL HEALTHCARE ASSOCIATION INC
MT
Cash
$82.19
Gross
$82.19
COLUMBIA BASIN HOSPITAL
WA
Cash
$81.9
Gross
$91
CEDARS-SINAI MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
$288
Gross
$442
IDAHO FALLS COMMUNITY HOSPITAL, LLC
ID
Cash
$80.5
Gross
$115
HOLY FAMILY HOSPITAL
MA
Cash
$288
Gross
$523
CHI ST ALEXIUS HEALTH DICKINSON
ND
Cash
$80.01
Gross
$127
CHI ST ALEXIUS HEALTH DICKINSON
ND
Cash
$80.01
Gross
$127
FLUSHING HOSPITAL MEDICAL CENTER
NY
Cash
$80
Gross
$80
MANNING REGIONAL HEALTHCARE CENTER
IA
Cash
$79.52
Gross
$112
HAXTUN HOSPITAL DISTRICT
CO
Cash
$78.98
Gross
$81
ACADIA GENERAL HOSPITAL
LA
Cash
$78.43
Gross
$341
BROADLAWNS MEDICAL CENTER
IA
Cash
$78
Gross
$78
TEXAS SCOTTISH RITE HOSPITAL FOR CHILDREN
TX
Cash
$78
Gross
$78
JOHN H STROGER JR HOSPITAL
IL
Cash
$77.7
Gross
$111
PROVIDENT HOSPITAL OF CHICAGO
IL
Cash
$77.7
Gross
$111
HAXTUN HOSPITAL DISTRICT
CO
Cash
$77.03
Gross
$79
BAKERSFIELD MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
$76.71
Gross
$209
BAKERSFIELD MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
$76.71
Gross
$209
MCKENZIE HEALTH SYSTEM
MI
Cash
$76
Gross
$95
SAINT ROSE DOMINICAN HOSPITALS - SAN MARTIN CAMPUS
NV
Cash
$75.85
Gross
$370
SAINT ROSE DOMINICAN HOSPITALS - SAN MARTIN CAMPUS
NV
Cash
$75.85
Gross
$370
HOSPITAL FOR SPECIAL SURGERY
NY
Cash
$294
Gross
$294
GROSSMONT HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
$295
Gross
$393
SHARP CORONADO HOSPITAL AND HLTHCR CTR
CA
Cash
$295
Gross
$393
BURKE MEDICAL CENTER
GA
Cash
$73.34
Gross
$103
OSWEGO HOSPITAL
NY
Cash
$295
Gross
$393
ST ANTHONY REGIONAL HOSPITAL & NURSING HOME
IA
Cash
$72.98
Gross
$417
ADVENTHEALTH DELAND
FL
Cash
$71.59
Gross
$130
IZARD REGIONAL HOSPITAL LLC
AR
Cash
$71.5
Gross
$71.5
MARION GENERAL HOSPITAL
MS
Cash
$71.4
Gross
$119
MARION GENERAL HOSPITAL
MS
Cash
$71.4
Gross
$119
CODY REGIONAL HEALTH
WY
Cash
$71.4
Gross
$84
WILKES REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
NC
Cash
$71
Gross
$142
UNIVERSITY HEALTH LAKEWOOD MEDICAL CENTER
MO
Cash
$70.95
Gross
$129
THE PHYSICIANS' HOSPITAL IN ANADARKO
OK
Cash
$70.89
Gross
$118
RURAL WELLNESS STROUD HOSPITAL
OK
Cash
$70.89
Gross
$118
RURAL WELLNESS FAIRFAX HOSPITAL
OK
Cash
$70.89
Gross
$118
DARDANELLE REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
AR
Cash
$70.71
Gross
$181
JOHNSON MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
MN
Cash
$70.55
Gross
$83
BAPTIST HEALTH DEACONESS MADISONVILLE
KY
Cash
$70.52
Gross
$542
KAISER FOUNDATION HOSPITAL
HI
Cash
$70.2
Gross
$180
KITTSON HEALTHCARE
MN
Cash
$70
Gross
$70
SIOUX CENTER HEALTH
IA
Cash
$69.84
Gross
$72
SIOUX CENTER HEALTH
IA
Cash
$69.84
Gross
$72
CHI-ST VINCENT INFIRMARY
AR
Cash
$69.8
Gross
$272
CHI-ST VINCENT INFIRMARY
AR
Cash
$69.8
Gross
$272
GOOD SHEPHERD MEDICAL CENTER
OR
Cash
$69.5
Gross
$139
ASHLEY MEDICAL CENTER
ND
Cash
$69
Gross
$69
SOUTH COUNTY HOSPITAL INC
RI
Cash
$299
Gross
$499
COMMUNITY MEMORIAL HOSPITAL MEDICAL CENTER
IA
Cash
$68.64
Gross
$85.8
STEPHENS COUNTY HOSPITAL
GA
Cash
$68.25
Gross
$114
FIRST CARE HEALTH CENTER
ND
Cash
$68
Gross
$68
FIRST CARE HEALTH CENTER
ND
Cash
$68
Gross
$68
MERCY MEDICAL CENTER OF MT SHASTA
CA
Cash
$300
Gross
$386
MERCY MEDICAL CENTER OF MT SHASTA
CA
Cash
$300
Gross
$386
MERCY MEDICAL CENTER
OH
Cash
$300
Gross
$386
MERCY MEDICAL CENTER
OH
Cash
$300
Gross
$386
MERCY MEDICAL CENTER REDDING
CA
Cash
$301
Gross
$593
MERCY MEDICAL CENTER REDDING
CA
Cash
$301
Gross
$593
CHI ST LUKE'S HEALTH BRAZOSPORT
TX
Cash
$66.85
Gross
$191
CHI ST LUKE'S HEALTH BRAZOSPORT
TX
Cash
$66.85
Gross
$191
REDINGTON FAIRVIEW GENERAL HOSPITAL
ME
Cash
$66.75
Gross
$89
WALLOWA MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
OR
Cash
$66.6
Gross
$74
UNM HOSPITAL
NM
Cash
$303
Gross
$551
HSHS ST ELIZABETH'S HOSPITAL
IL
Cash
$64.08
Gross
$89
SAINT PETER'S UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL
NJ
Cash
$305
Gross
$1,050
BUCHANAN COUNTY HEALTH CENTER
IA
Cash
$305
Gross
$358
BUCHANAN COUNTY HEALTH CENTER
IA
Cash
$305
Gross
$358
CHI ST ALEXIUS HEALTH TURTLE LAKE
ND
Cash
$63.19
Gross
$89
CHI ST ALEXIUS HEALTH TURTLE LAKE
ND
Cash
$63.19
Gross
$89
BEAR VALLEY COMMUNITY HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
$62.09
Gross
$88.7
MAUI MEMORIAL MEDICAL CENTER
HI
Cash
$62
Gross
$159
BARAGA COUNTY MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
MI
Cash
$62
Gross
$62
WARD MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
TX
Cash
$61.6
Gross
$88
DESOTO REGIONAL HEALTH SYSTEM
LA
Cash
$59.5
Gross
$85
BARNES-KASSON COUNTY HOSPITAL
PA
Cash
$59.5
Gross
$85
UNION GENERAL HOSPITAL
GA
Cash
$59
Gross
$118
SURGEONS CHOICE MEDICAL CENTER
MI
Cash
$59
Gross
$59
ISLAND HOSPITAL
WA
Cash
$59
Gross
$59
BAPTIST HEALTH DEACONESS MADISONVILLE
KY
Cash
$58.75
Gross
$125
PENOBSCOT VALLEY HOSPITAL
ME
Cash
$58.45
Gross
$73.06
UNIONTOWN HOSPITAL
PA
Cash
$310
Gross
$620
MADISON MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
ID
Cash
$57.8
Gross
$68
MADISON HOSPITAL
MN
Cash
$57.8
Gross
$68
JAMAICA HOSPITAL MEDICAL CENTER
NY
Cash
$57
Gross
$57
ASHLEY MEDICAL CENTER
ND
Cash
$57
Gross
$57
HELEN KELLER HOSPITAL
AL
Cash
$312
Gross
$312
HUNTSVILLE HOSPITAL
AL
Cash
$312
Gross
$312
ATHENS LIMESTONE HOSPITAL
AL
Cash
$312
Gross
$312
DECATUR MORGAN HOSPITAL - DECATUR CAMPUS
AL
Cash
$312
Gross
$312
RUSSELL REGIONAL HOSPITAL
KS
Cash
$312
Gross
$368
RIVERSIDE MEDICAL CENTER
IL
Cash
$55.37
Gross
$208
SINAI-GRACE HOSPITAL
MI
Cash
$313
Gross
$417
COMANCHE COUNTY HOSPITAL
KS
Cash
$55
Gross
$55
HEYWOOD HOSPITAL -
MA
Cash
$55
Gross
$55
ATHOL MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
MA
Cash
$55
Gross
$55
COMANCHE COUNTY MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
OK
Cash
$55
Gross
$55
UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS CONNEAUT MEDICAL CENTER
OH
Cash
$314
Gross
$419
MARSHALL MEDICAL CENTERS
AL
Cash
$315
Gross
$315
MARSHALL MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
$315
Gross
$315
MARSHALL MEDICAL CENTER
TN
Cash
$315
Gross
$315
ST MARY'S REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER
OK
Cash
$52.4
Gross
$131
MARK TWAIN MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
$51.95
Gross
$78
MARK TWAIN MEDICAL CENTER
CA
Cash
$51.95
Gross
$78
MONROE HOSPITAL
IN
Cash
$51
Gross
$51
HASKELL REGIONAL HOSPITAL, INC
OK
Cash
$51
Gross
$51
NORTHERN INYO HOSPITAL
CA
Cash
$50.4
Gross
LAKE MARTIN COMMUNITY HOSPITAL
AL
Cash
$50.36
Gross
$67.14
CARLE FOUNDATION HOSPITAL
IL
Cash
$320
Gross
$320
UNITYPOINT HEALTH - MERITER
WI
Cash
$321
Gross
$401

Data straight from each hospital's federally-mandated machine-readable file (45 CFR § 180). Prices reflect what the hospital published; what you actually pay depends on your specific plan, deductible, and other factors. "Cash price" is the discounted self-pay rate hospitals are required to publish for uninsured patients.